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Related Concept Videos

Hyperthyroidism II: Pathophysiology01:27

Hyperthyroidism II: Pathophysiology

Hyperthyroidism is a hypermetabolic state caused by elevated levels of thyroid hormones, triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4). It results from dysregulation at the thyroid, pituitary, or immune system level and affects multiple organ systems.PathophysiologyThe most common cause of hyperthyroidism is Graves’ disease, an autoimmune disorder in which antibodies, specifically thyroid-stimulating antibodies (TSAb), a subtype of TSH receptor antibodies (TRAb), bind to and activate TSH receptors...
Graves' Disease I: Introduction01:28

Graves' Disease I: Introduction

Graves' disease is an autoimmune disorder that causes hyperthyroidism, or overactivity of the thyroid gland. It results from autoantibodies called thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulins (TSIs), which bind to thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) receptors, leading to overstimulation of hormone production and a hypermetabolic state.EtiologyAlthough considered idiopathic, Graves’ disease has well-established contributing factors. There is a strong genetic component, with increased prevalence in...
Tumor Progression02:07

Tumor Progression

Tumor progression is a phenomenon where the pre-formed tumor acquires successive mutations to become clinically more aggressive and malignant. In the 1950s, Foulds first described the stepwise progression of cancer cells through successive stages.
Colon cancer is one of the best-documented examples of tumor progression. Early mutation in the APC gene in colon cells causes a small growth on the colon wall called a polyp. With time, this polyp grows into a benign, pre-cancerous tumor. Further...
Tumor Progression02:07

Tumor Progression

Tumor progression is a phenomenon where the pre-formed tumor acquires successive mutations to become clinically more aggressive and malignant. In the 1950s, Foulds first described the stepwise progression of cancer cells through successive stages.
Colon cancer is one of the best-documented examples of tumor progression. Early mutation in the APC gene in colon cells causes a small growth on the colon wall called a polyp. With time, this polyp grows into a benign, pre-cancerous tumor. Further...
Graves Disease II: Pathophysiology01:24

Graves Disease II: Pathophysiology

Graves’ disease is an autoimmune disorder characterized by the production of thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulins (TSI) that activate TSH receptors, leading to excessive synthesis and release of thyroid hormones (T3 and T4) and resulting in hyperthyroidism.Among all causes of hyperthyroidism, Graves’ disease is the most common and can happen at any age, though it is more frequent in women. It produces a hypermetabolic state with features such as weight loss, tachycardia, tremor, and heat...
Hypothyroidism II: Pathophysiology01:23

Hypothyroidism II: Pathophysiology

Hypothyroidism is a disorder characterized by insufficient production of thyroid hormones, which regulate metabolism, energy balance, and multiple organ systems.TypesHypothyroidism is classified based on the level of dysfunction. Primary hypothyroidism results from intrinsic thyroid gland dysfunction, causing reduced hormone production despite normal or increased stimulation. Secondary hypothyroidism arises from inadequate thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) secretion by the pituitary. Tertiary...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 15, 2026

Spontaneous Murine Model of Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer
05:39

Spontaneous Murine Model of Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer

Published on: February 3, 2023

Changing patterns of thyroid carcinoma.

B Dijkstra1, R S Prichard, A Lee

  • 1Department of Surgery, St Vincent's University Hospital, Elm Park, Dublin 4, Ireland.

Irish Journal of Medical Science
|May 9, 2007
PubMed
Summary

Thyroid cancer trends show a significant rise in papillary carcinoma incidence over 30 years. This shift is linked to better prognosis and potentially increased dietary iodine intake in Ireland.

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Spontaneous Murine Model of Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer
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Computer-Aided Three-Dimensional Visualization in the Treatment of Locally Advanced Thyroid Cancer
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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Oncology
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Thyroid cancer histological types exhibit varying trends.
  • Understanding these trends is crucial for prognosis and treatment strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze the changing incidence of thyroid cancer histological types over a 30-year period.
  • To identify trends in papillary, follicular, anaplastic, medullary thyroid carcinoma, and lymphoma.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective review of 190 thyroid carcinoma patient records from 1970-2000.
  • Analysis of biographical data, tumor characteristics, treatment, and outcomes.

Main Results:

  • Papillary carcinoma incidence increased significantly from 4.7% (1970-1979) to 25.2% (1990-1999).
  • Follicular carcinoma rates remained stable, while anaplastic and medullary thyroid carcinoma showed fluctuations.
  • Survival rates were notably better for patients under 45, females, and those with papillary thyroid carcinoma.

Conclusions:

  • A significant increase in papillary thyroid carcinoma incidence was observed.
  • This trend may correlate with rising dietary iodine intake.
  • Papillary thyroid carcinoma's favorable prognosis makes this trend clinically significant.