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Perspectives in the new Russulales.

Steven L Miller1, Ellen Larsson, Karl-Henrik Larsson

  • 1Botany Department, University of Wyoming, USA. fungi@uwyo.edu

Mycologia
|May 10, 2007
PubMed
Summary
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The Russulales order, a diverse fungal lineage, shows significant morphological variation and ecological roles. Molecular data reveals two major clades, Russulaceae and Albatrellaceae, with unique sporophore structures.

Area of Science:

  • Mycology and Fungal Systematics
  • Molecular Phylogenetics
  • Evolutionary Biology

Background:

  • The Russulales represent a major lineage within homobasidiomycetes, distinguished by molecular data.
  • This fungal order exhibits exceptional morphological diversity in sporophore and hymenophore structures.
  • Ecological roles within Russulales range from saprotrophic to ectomycorrhizal, parasitic, and symbiotic.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the phylogenetic relationships within the Russulales using molecular sequence data.
  • To correlate molecular findings with observed morphological diversity and ecological functions.
  • To identify key synapomorphies for the Russulales order.

Main Methods:

  • Phylogenetic analysis of nuclear ribosomal DNA genes (5.8S, ITS2, and large-subunit rDNA).

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  • Comparative analysis of morphological characteristics across diverse taxa.
  • Identification and characterization of key fungal structures, such as gloeoplerous hyphae.

    • Main Results:

    • Molecular data supports two large sister clades within the Russulales, encompassing 11-13 major clades.
    • Twelve families and approximately 80 genera are identified, though many taxa require further placement.
    • The ectomycorrhizal clades (Russulaceae and Albatrellaceae) display the greatest sporophore diversity.

    Conclusions:

    • Gloeoplerous hyphae represent a reliable synapomorphy for the Russulales.
    • Amyloid reactions, while common, are inconsistent and less reliable as a sole synapomorphy.
    • Further research involving functional genes, gene expression, and biochemical analyses is recommended.