Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jul 15, 2026
06:27
Accelerated Type 1 Diabetes Induction in Mice by Adoptive Transfer of Diabetogenic CD4+ T Cells
Published on: May 6, 2013
Pathogenesis of fulminant type 1 diabetes
Akihisa Imagawa1, Toshiaki Hanafusa
1First Department of Internal Medicine, Osaka Medical College, 2-7 Daigaku-machi, Takatsuki 569-8686, Japan.
The Review of Diabetic Studies : RDS
|May 10, 2007
Summary
Fulminant type 1 diabetes, a subtype of type 1 diabetes, rapidly destroys pancreatic beta-cells. Genetic and environmental factors, like viral infections, trigger this destruction, with less autoimmune involvement than classic type 1A diabetes.
Area of Science:
- Endocrinology
- Immunology
- Genetics
Background:
- Fulminant type 1 diabetes (FT1D) is a distinct subtype of type 1 diabetes characterized by rapid pancreatic beta-cell destruction.
- Established in 2000, FT1D presents with acute symptoms and near-complete loss of beta-cell function.
Purpose of the Study:
- To elucidate the contributing factors and pathogenesis of fulminant type 1 diabetes.
- To differentiate FT1D from classic type 1A diabetes regarding etiological mechanisms.
Main Methods:
- Review of existing evidence on genetic and environmental factors in FT1D.
- Analysis of the role of human leukocyte antigen (HLA) and viral infections.
- Comparison of autoimmune processes in FT1D versus type 1A diabetes.
Main Results:
- Evidence suggests a significant role for genetic predisposition (e.g., HLA) and environmental triggers (e.g., viral infections) in FT1D.
- Autoimmune processes appear less critical in FT1D compared to classic type 1A diabetes.
- Viral infection and subsequent immune response in susceptible individuals lead to beta-cell destruction.
Conclusions:
- Fulminant type 1 diabetes results from a combination of genetic susceptibility and environmental insults, primarily viral infections.
- The pathogenesis of FT1D involves rapid beta-cell destruction with a potentially reduced contribution from autoimmunity.
- Understanding these factors is crucial for differentiating and potentially managing FT1D.
Related Concept Videos
01:26Type I Diabetes II: Pathophysiology
Type 1 diabetes mellitus arises from an immune-mediated destruction of pancreatic β-cells, resulting in an absolute deficiency of insulin. This process develops in genetically susceptible individuals when autoimmunity, environmental exposures, and immunologic dysregulation converge to trigger a targeted attack on the insulin-producing cells of the pancreas. The β-cells are located within the islets of Langerhans and are essential for regulating blood glucose by facilitating cellular uptake of...
01:12Type I Diabetes I: Introduction
Type 1 diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by an absolute deficiency of insulin resulting from the autoimmune destruction of pancreatic β-cells. Although it can occur at any age, it is most commonly diagnosed in childhood, adolescence, or early adulthood. The loss of insulin production impairs cellular glucose uptake, resulting in persistent hyperglycemia and necessitating lifelong insulin therapy.Autoimmune Destruction of β-CellsThe hallmark of type 1 diabetes is an...
01:20Pathophysiology of Diabetes
Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia. The four categories of diabetes are type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes, other specific types of diabetes, and gestational diabetes.
Type 1 diabetes is characterized by autoimmune-mediated destruction of pancreatic β cells, with environmental factors potentially triggering this process in genetically susceptible individuals. Despite many not having a family history, certain genes increase susceptibility, suggesting a...
Type 1 diabetes is characterized by autoimmune-mediated destruction of pancreatic β cells, with environmental factors potentially triggering this process in genetically susceptible individuals. Despite many not having a family history, certain genes increase susceptibility, suggesting a...
01:19Type I Diabetes III: Clinical Manifestations
Type 1 diabetes mellitus typically presents with rapid-onset symptoms due to the body’s inability to utilize glucose in the absence of insulin. Since insulin is required for glucose uptake into cells, its deficiency leads to hyperglycemia and cellular energy deprivation, resulting in characteristic clinical features.Polyuria and PolydipsiaOne of the earliest, most prominent symptoms is polyuria (excessive urination). When blood glucose concentrations rise above the renal threshold, the kidneys...
01:22Diabetes Mellitus: Overview and Type I Subtype
Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by high blood glucose levels due to inadequate insulin production, insulin resistance, or both. The condition affects millions worldwide and can significantly impact their health and quality of life.
Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease in which the immune system mistakenly attacks and destroys the insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas. As a result, the body is unable to produce sufficient insulin, and individuals with...
Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease in which the immune system mistakenly attacks and destroys the insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas. As a result, the body is unable to produce sufficient insulin, and individuals with...
01:24Type II Diabetes II: Pathophysiology
PathophysiologyType 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM ) is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by insulin resistance and progressive pancreatic β-cell dysfunction, leading to impaired glucose homeostasis. It results from interactions among genetic predisposition, environmental factors, and metabolic stressors, such as overnutrition and a sedentary lifestyle.Insulin Resistance and Glucose DysregulationEarly T2DM involves insulin resistance in skeletal muscle, adipose tissue, and the liver.