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Related Experiment Videos

Comparative genomics on PROM1 gene encoding stem cell marker CD133.

Yuriko Katoh1, Masaru Katoh

  • 1M&M Medical BioInformatics, Hongo 113-0033, Japan.

International Journal of Molecular Medicine
|May 10, 2007
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

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The PROM1 gene, encoding CD133 stem cell marker, shows conserved WNT signaling elements across mammals. Comparative analysis reveals evolutionary divergence in CD133 protein but conserved regulatory regions, impacting stem and cancer cells.

Area of Science:

  • Genomics and Molecular Biology
  • Stem Cell Biology
  • Cancer Research

Background:

  • Stem cells possess self-renewal and multipotency.
  • PROM1 gene encodes CD133, a marker for various stem cells including hematopoietic, prostatic, pancreatic, leukemic, liver, and colorectal cancer stem cells.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To perform comparative integromics analyses on PROM1 orthologs.
  • To investigate the evolutionary conservation and divergence of the PROM1 gene and its encoded CD133 protein.
  • To identify regulatory elements and signaling pathways involved in CD133 expression.

Main Methods:

  • Comparative integromics analyses of PROM1 orthologs.
  • Identification and characterization of human and chimpanzee PROM1 transcripts and gene sequences.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Amino acid identity comparisons between human, chimpanzee, and mouse CD133 orthologs.
  • Proteomics to compare CD133 ortholog divergence.
  • Genomic analysis to assess conservation of regulatory regions like exon 1A and intron 2.

    • Main Results:

    • Human PROM1 has truncated and representative cDNA variants (NM_006017.1 and AK027422.1).
    • Chimpanzee PROM1 gene has 27 exons; its CD133 protein shares high identity with human (99.2%) but lower with mouse (60.9%).
    • Primate CD133 has fewer conserved glycosylation sites than rodent CD133, indicating divergence.
    • PROM1 mRNA is expressed in human embryonic stem cells, trachea, small intestine, NT2 cells, gastric cancer, and colorectal cancer.
    • The 5'-UTR region around human exon 1A is not conserved in rodents, but intron 2 is conserved.
    • Conserved tandem TCF/LEF-binding sites in intron 2 suggest WNT signaling involvement.

    Conclusions:

    • Canonical WNT signaling activation is implicated in CD133 expression across embryonic stem cells, adult stem cells, and cancer stem cells.
    • Evolutionary comparisons of PROM1 highlight conserved regulatory mechanisms despite protein divergence.
    • Understanding PROM1 and CD133 regulation is crucial for stem cell and cancer research.