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Related Concept Videos

Graves Disease II: Pathophysiology01:24

Graves Disease II: Pathophysiology

Graves’ disease is an autoimmune disorder characterized by the production of thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulins (TSI) that activate TSH receptors, leading to excessive synthesis and release of thyroid hormones (T3 and T4) and resulting in hyperthyroidism.Among all causes of hyperthyroidism, Graves’ disease is the most common and can happen at any age, though it is more frequent in women. It produces a hypermetabolic state with features such as weight loss, tachycardia, tremor, and heat...
Graves' Disease I: Introduction01:28

Graves' Disease I: Introduction

Graves' disease is an autoimmune disorder that causes hyperthyroidism, or overactivity of the thyroid gland. It results from autoantibodies called thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulins (TSIs), which bind to thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) receptors, leading to overstimulation of hormone production and a hypermetabolic state.EtiologyAlthough considered idiopathic, Graves’ disease has well-established contributing factors. There is a strong genetic component, with increased prevalence in...
Hyperthyroidism II: Pathophysiology01:27

Hyperthyroidism II: Pathophysiology

Hyperthyroidism is a hypermetabolic state caused by elevated levels of thyroid hormones, triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4). It results from dysregulation at the thyroid, pituitary, or immune system level and affects multiple organ systems.PathophysiologyThe most common cause of hyperthyroidism is Graves’ disease, an autoimmune disorder in which antibodies, specifically thyroid-stimulating antibodies (TSAb), a subtype of TSH receptor antibodies (TRAb), bind to and activate TSH receptors...
Hypothyroidism II: Pathophysiology01:23

Hypothyroidism II: Pathophysiology

Hypothyroidism is a disorder characterized by insufficient production of thyroid hormones, which regulate metabolism, energy balance, and multiple organ systems.TypesHypothyroidism is classified based on the level of dysfunction. Primary hypothyroidism results from intrinsic thyroid gland dysfunction, causing reduced hormone production despite normal or increased stimulation. Secondary hypothyroidism arises from inadequate thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) secretion by the pituitary. Tertiary...
Hyperthyroidism I: Introduction01:25

Hyperthyroidism I: Introduction

Hyperthyroidism is a type of thyrotoxicosis characterized by the thyroid gland's overproduction of the thyroid hormones triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4). This hormone excess increases the basal metabolic rate and enhances sensitivity to catecholamines.DiagnosisDiagnosis is based on clinical features and biochemical testing. It typically shows suppressed thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels below 0.4 mIU/L, with elevated free T3 and/or T4. Additional tests, including thyroid...
Myasthenia Gravis ll: Pathophysiology01:22

Myasthenia Gravis ll: Pathophysiology

The disease process of myasthenia gravis begins at the neuromuscular junction, where antibodies attack key proteins needed for muscle activation. This immune reaction weakens signal transmission, leading to the characteristic muscle fatigue and weakness that define the condition.Immune-Mediated DamageIn most individuals, antibodies target acetylcholine receptors (AChRs) on the postsynaptic membrane of muscle cells. By blocking acetylcholine binding, these antibodies prevent the nerve signal...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 15, 2026

Generation of a Mouse Spontaneous Autoimmune Thyroiditis Model
04:39

Generation of a Mouse Spontaneous Autoimmune Thyroiditis Model

Published on: March 17, 2023

Association between thyroid autoimmunity and fibromyalgic disease severity.

Laura Bazzichi1, Alessandra Rossi2, Tiziana Giuliano3

  • 1Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Pisa, Via Roma, 67, 56100, Pisa, Italy. l.bazzichi@int.med.unipi.it.

Clinical Rheumatology
|May 10, 2007
PubMed
Summary

Fibromyalgia patients often have thyroid autoimmunity, linked to symptoms like dry eyes and sore throat. This autoimmune thyroiditis is more common in post-menopausal women with fibromyalgia.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 15, 2026

Generation of a Mouse Spontaneous Autoimmune Thyroiditis Model
04:39

Generation of a Mouse Spontaneous Autoimmune Thyroiditis Model

Published on: March 17, 2023

Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Rheumatology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Fibromyalgia (FM) is a complex chronic pain condition.
  • Thyroid dysfunction is common in autoimmune diseases.
  • Investigating thyroid autoimmunity in FM is crucial for understanding comorbidities.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess thyroid abnormalities and autoimmunity in fibromyalgia patients.
  • To correlate thyroid autoimmunity with clinical symptoms and demographic data.
  • To explore the prevalence of autoimmune thyroiditis in fibromyalgia.

Main Methods:

  • Evaluated 120 fibromyalgia patients.
  • Assessed thyroid function via antibodies (antithyroglobulin, antithyroid peroxidase), free T3, free T4, and TSH.
  • Collected data on clinical symptoms, pain, fatigue, and psychological disorders.

Main Results:

  • Basal thyroid hormone levels were normal in FM patients.
  • 41% of patients exhibited at least one thyroid antibody.
  • Thyroid autoimmunity correlated with symptoms like dry eyes, dysuria, allodynia, blurred vision, and sore throat.
  • Autoimmune thyroiditis was more frequent in post-menopausal FM patients.

Conclusions:

  • Autoimmune thyroiditis is prevalent in fibromyalgia patients.
  • Thyroid autoimmunity is associated with specific symptoms in fibromyalgia.
  • The findings suggest a link between fibromyalgia and autoimmune thyroiditis, particularly in post-menopausal women.