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Updated: Jul 15, 2026

Glucose Uptake Measurement and Response to Insulin Stimulation in In Vitro Cultured Human Primary Myotubes
Published on: June 25, 2017
Regulation of glucose transporter type 4 isoform gene expression in muscle and adipocytes
Seung-Soon Im1, Sool-Ki Kwon, Tae-Hyun Kim
1Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seodaemoon-gu, Seoul, Korea.
Abstract:
The gene expression of glucose transporter type 4 isoform (GLUT4) is known to be controlled by metabolic, nutritional, or hormonal status. Understanding the molecular mechanisms governing GLUT4 gene expression is critical, because glucose disposal in the body depends on the activities of GLUT4 in the muscle and adipocytes. The GLUT4 activities are regulated by a variety of mechanisms. One of them is transcriptional regulation. GLUT4 gene expression is regulated by a variety of transcriptional factors in muscle and adipose tissue. These data are accumulating regarding the transcriptional factors regulating GLUT4 gene expression. These include MyoD, MEF2A, GEF, TNF-alpha, TR-1alpha, KLF15, SREBP-1c, C/EBP-alpha, O/E-1, free fatty acids, PAPRgamma, LXRalpha, NF-1, etc. These factors are involved in the positive or negative regulation of GLUT4 gene expression. In addition, there is a complex interplay between these factors in transactivating GLUT4 promoter activity. Understanding the mechanisms controlling GLUT4 gene transcription in these tissues will greatly promote the potential therapeutic drug development for obesity and T2DM.
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