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Related Experiment Videos

Transperineurial arterioles in human sural nerve.

J Beggs1, P C Johnson, A Olafsen

  • 1Division of Neuropathology, Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, Arizona 85013.

Journal of Neuropathology and Experimental Neurology
|November 1, 1991
PubMed
Summary

Transperineurial arterioles (TPA) are small blood vessels within nerve fascicles. This study reveals TPA are crucial for regulating endoneurial blood flow via neurogenic control.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Vascular Biology
  • Histology

Background:

  • The perineurial sheath separates nerve fascicle layers, endoneurium and epineurium.
  • Transperineurial arterioles (TPA) link endoneurial capillaries to the epineurial arterial supply.
  • Understanding TPA structure is key to nerve blood flow regulation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the anatomical structure and pathway of transperineurial arterioles (TPA) within human sural nerves.
  • To determine the role of TPA and post-arteriolar capillaries (PAC) in the neurovascular supply of the endoneurium.

Main Methods:

  • Three-dimensional reconstruction of one-micron sections from biopsied human sural nerves.
  • Ultrastructural analysis of step serials to examine TPA morphology.

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  • Correlative light and electron microscopy to identify TPA and associated nerve fibers.

    • Main Results:

    • Transperineurial arterioles (TPA) are confirmed to reside within open-ended perineurial sleeves, traversing from the epineurium to the endoneurium.
    • Most TPAs are terminal arterioles (10-25 microns) connecting to capillaries, gradually transitioning to post-arteriolar capillaries (PAC).
    • TPAs and PACs are frequently associated with unmyelinated nerve fiber plexuses, suggesting neurovascular interaction.

    Conclusions:

    • Transperineurial arterioles (TPA) possess a unique anatomical pathway through perineurial sleeves, facilitating endoneurial vascular access.
    • The association of TPA and PAC with nerve fibers suggests a role in neurogenic control of endoneurial blood flow.
    • These findings enhance our understanding of the microvasculature within peripheral nerves and its regulation.