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Related Concept Videos

Chromatin Position Affects Gene Expression02:35

Chromatin Position Affects Gene Expression

Chromatin is the massive complex of DNA and proteins packaged inside the nucleus. The complexity of chromatin folding and how it is packaged inside the nucleus greatly influences  access to genetic information. Generally, the nucleus' periphery is considered transcriptionally repressive, while the cell's interior is considered a transcriptionally active area. 
Topologically Associated Domains (TADs)
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Nuclear protein sorting regulates nucleus composition and gene expression, crucial for determining the fate of a eukaryotic cell. Hence, the entry and exit of molecules across the nuclear envelope is a tightly controlled process. Nuclear protein sorting can be inhibited by one of the following ways: 1) masking cargo signal sequences, 2) modifying the nuclear receptor's affinity for cargo, 3) controlling the nuclear pore size, 4) retaining the cargo during its transit to the cytosol or the...
Regulation of Expression at Multiple Steps01:23

Regulation of Expression at Multiple Steps

The gene expression in cells is regulated at different stages: (i) transcription, (ii) RNA processing, (iii) RNA localization, and (iv) translation. Transcriptional regulation is mediated by regulatory proteins such as transcription factors, activators, or repressors—these control gene expression by initiating or inhibiting the transcription of genes. Once a precursor or pre-mRNA is produced, it undergoes post-transcriptional modification, including 5' capping, splicing, and the addition of a...
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MicroRNAs

MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns (non-coding regions of a gene) or intergenic regions (stretches of DNA present between genes). Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself, forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA...
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MicroRNAs

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Updated: Jul 15, 2026

In Vitro Selection of Engineered Transcriptional Repressors for Targeted Epigenetic Silencing
10:44

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Published on: May 5, 2023

Gene silencing at the nuclear periphery.

Sigal Shaklai1, Ninette Amariglio, Gideon Rechavi

  • 1Sheba Cancer Research Center and the Institute of Hematology, The Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer and the Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Israel.

The FEBS Journal
|May 10, 2007
PubMed
Summary

Nuclear envelope proteins regulate gene expression by recruiting chromatin modifiers. This epigenetic role at the nuclear lamina may be key to understanding nuclear envelopathies.

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Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Epigenetics

Background:

  • The nuclear envelope (NE) comprises inner and outer membranes, pore complexes, and the nuclear lamina.
  • Heterochromatin is known to associate with the nuclear lamina, suggesting a role in gene regulation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent literature on gene repression mechanisms by NE proteins.
  • To propose that the NE is a site for epigenetic histone code modification.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on nuclear envelope proteins and gene regulation.
  • Analysis of molecular mechanisms linking NE proteins to transcription factors and chromatin modifiers.

Main Results:

  • Inner nuclear membrane (INM) proteins like lamin B receptor, lamina-associated polypeptide 2beta, and emerin bind chromatin modifiers, inducing histone deacetylation.
  • Emerin and MAN1 are implicated in down-regulating signaling pathways (Rb1/E2F, MyoD, TGF-beta/BMP).
  • NE proteins recruit chromatin modifiers and transcription factors to the nuclear periphery, regulating transcription.

Conclusions:

  • Nuclear lamina proteins play a significant role in transcriptional repression.
  • The NE may be a critical site for establishing the epigenetic histone code.
  • Understanding NE protein function is crucial for nuclear envelopathies/laminopathies research.