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Nurses on the move: a global overview.

Mireille Kingma1

  • 1International Centre for Human Resources in Nursing, International Council of Nurses, 3 place Jean-Marteau, Geneva, Switzerland.

Health Services Research
|May 11, 2007
PubMed
Summary

Global nurse migration is increasing due to workforce imbalances. Factors influencing nurse mobility are complex, with temporary migration gaining attention for addressing critical nursing shortages.

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Area of Science:

  • Global Health
  • Human Resources for Health
  • Nursing Workforce Dynamics

Background:

  • International migration has doubled since 1970, with nurses increasingly participating in global migratory streams.
  • Industrialized nations face critical nursing shortages, driving international recruitment, while developing countries experience workforce imbalances and unemployment.
  • Nurse migration is multifactorial, influenced by financial incentives and barriers, with flows varying based on socioeconomic factors in source and destination countries.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Analyze international nurse migration patterns in relation to national nursing workforce imbalances.
  • Identify factors that promote or hinder nurse mobility.
  • Explore the potential advantages of circular migration for healthcare systems.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of international migration data, focusing on the nursing profession.
  • Examination of socioeconomic factors influencing nurse migration.
  • Review of policies and recruitment strategies related to international nurse mobility.

Main Results:

  • Nurse migration is a growing phenomenon, fueled by demand in high-income countries and workforce imbalances in low- and middle-income countries.
  • Motivations for nurse migration are diverse, encompassing financial and non-financial factors, and migration is often impeded by various barriers.
  • Data limitations hinder the development of effective international health human resource policies, highlighting the need for further research.

Conclusions:

  • International nurse migration is a global talent search, reflecting systemic issues causing nurses to leave their home countries.
  • Nurse mobility is a significant concern primarily in contexts of migrant exploitation or severe nursing shortages.
  • Integrating migrant nurses into dysfunctional healthcare systems without addressing domestic retention issues will not resolve nursing shortages.

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