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Related Experiment Videos

Hepatitis E in new zealand.

Harry R Dalton1, Helen J Fellows, Edward J Gane

  • 1Gastroenterology Unit, Auckland City Hospital, Auckland, New Zealand. harry.dalton@rcht.cornwall.nhs.uk

Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology
|May 11, 2007
PubMed
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Hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection occurs in New Zealand, particularly in the elderly, with a 4% seroprevalence. Findings suggest non-pig sources may transmit HEV, recommending HEV testing for unexplained hepatitis cases.

Area of Science:

  • Epidemiology
  • Virology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection is increasingly recognized in developed countries, often linked to zoonotic transmission from pigs.
  • While 90% of New Zealand (NZ) pigs show HEV infection evidence, human HEV epidemiology in NZ remains poorly understood.
  • This study addresses the knowledge gap regarding HEV in NZ.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the seroprevalence of HEV immunoglobulin (Ig) G in NZ blood donors.
  • To identify HEV in patients presenting with unexplained hepatitis.
  • To genetically compare human HEV isolates with local porcine HEV strains.

Main Methods:

  • HEV IgG seroprevalence testing was performed on 265 blood donors.
  • Seventy-seven patients with unexplained hepatitis were tested for HEV.

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  • Sequencing of human HEV isolates was conducted and compared with known HEV strains, including those from NZ pigs.

    • Main Results:

    • A 4% HEV IgG seroprevalence was observed in the blood donor population.
    • HEV genotype 3 was identified in four patients with unexplained hepatitis; two cases were NZ-acquired, and two were linked to European travel.
    • NZ-acquired HEV cases showed greater genetic similarity to Japanese HEV isolates than to local porcine HEV.
    • Affected patients were elderly, with one asymptomatic case initially misdiagnosed.

    Conclusions:

    • Hepatitis E is present in NZ, affecting individuals without travel history to endemic areas, primarily the elderly.
    • The seroprevalence data indicate a high rate of subclinical or unrecognized HEV infections.
    • Genetic analysis suggests potential non-porcine reservoirs for HEV transmission in NZ.
    • Universal HEV testing is recommended for patients with unexplained hepatitis, irrespective of age or travel history.