Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Exercise and Muscle Performance01:27

Exercise and Muscle Performance

Exercise induces a range of adaptations in muscle tissue, depending on the type and duration of activity. Such physical training can be broadly categorized into two types: endurance exercises and resistance exercises.
Endurance exercises
Endurance exercises involve running, swimming, or cycling, which require repetitive movements with low force output. When a person engages in endurance exercise, a few noticeable changes occur in their skeletal muscles. For instance, the number of capillaries...
Mechanical Protein Functions01:58

Mechanical Protein Functions

Proteins perform many mechanical functions in a cell. These proteins can be classified into two general categories- proteins that generate mechanical forces and proteins that are subjected to mechanical forces. Proteins providing mechanical support to the structure of the cell, such as keratin, are subjected to mechanical force, whereas proteins involved in cell movement and transport of molecules across cell membranes, such as an ion pump, are examples of generating mechanical force. 
Impact Loading01:19

Impact Loading

Impact loading occurs when a moving object collides with a stationary structure, such as a rod with a uniform cross-sectional area fixed at one end. Under these conditions, the rod absorbs the kinetic energy from the striking object, leading to deformation and subsequent stress development. As the rod returns to its original position and reaches maximum stress, the absorbed energy, initially manifested as kinetic energy, transforms entirely into strain energy.
In cases of elastic deformation,...
Relation between Poisson's ratio, Modulus of Elasticity and Modulus of Rigidity01:15

Relation between Poisson's ratio, Modulus of Elasticity and Modulus of Rigidity

Deformation occurs in axial and transverse directions when an axial load is applied to a slender bar. This deformation impacts the cubic element within the bar, transforming it into either a rectangular parallelepiped or a rhombus, contingent on its orientation. This transformation process induces shearing strain. Axial loading elicits both shearing and normal strains. Applying an axial load instigates equal normal and shearing stresses on elements oriented at a 45° angle to the load axis.
Gross Anatomy of Skeletal Muscles01:12

Gross Anatomy of Skeletal Muscles

The connective tissues play a significant role in arranging the muscle fibers into a hierarchical structure that forms a complete muscle. Consider a muscle like the bicep brachii, commonly called the bicep. This muscle comprises thousands of muscle fibers enclosed by a protective layer of connective tissue called the endomysium. The endomysium is primarily composed of reticular fibers, a type of thin collagen fiber. It allows the exchange of nutrients and waste products at the fiber level,...
Motor Unit Stimulation01:20

Motor Unit Stimulation

When the neuron of a motor unit fires an action potential, it triggers a series of events, leading to a twitch contraction in the muscle fibers. The process of excitation-contraction coupling is crucial in relaying the action potential to the muscle fibers.
The latent period of contraction marks the onset of excitation-contraction coupling, when the action potential propagates across the sarcolemma, preparing the muscle fibers for contraction. As the fibers enter the contraction phase, the...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Cyclic Thrombocytopenia Treated With Platelet Transfusion and Oral Preparation Containing Hyaluronic Acid (Oralvisc).

Clinical case reports·2025
Same author

Management of septic and aseptic prepatellar bursitis: a systematic review.

Archives of orthopaedic and trauma surgery·2021
Same author

Can general A&E doctors manage common eye emergencies?

Eye (London, England)·2016
Same author

Sex and age-related differences in perceived, desired and measured percentage body fat among adults.

Journal of human nutrition and dietetics : the official journal of the British Dietetic Association·2014
Same author

Afatinib use in non-small cell lung cancer previously sensitive to epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitors: the United Kingdom Named Patient Programme.

European journal of cancer (Oxford, England : 1990)·2014
Same author

Cerebral microbleeds and long-term cognitive outcome: longitudinal cohort study of stroke clinic patients.

Cerebrovascular diseases (Basel, Switzerland)·2012

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 15, 2026

Treatment of Ligament Constructs with Exercise-conditioned Serum: A Translational Tissue Engineering Model
08:03

Treatment of Ligament Constructs with Exercise-conditioned Serum: A Translational Tissue Engineering Model

Published on: June 11, 2017

Structure-function relationships of entheses in relation to mechanical load and exercise.

H M Shaw1, M Benjamin

  • 1Cardiff School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK.

Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports
|May 11, 2007
PubMed
Summary

This review explores how fibrocartilaginous entheses, crucial for tendon-to-bone anchoring, dissipate stress to prevent overuse injuries. It highlights the "enthesis organ" concept and the role of surrounding tissues like fat pads.

More Related Videos

Design of a Biaxial Mechanical Loading Bioreactor for Tissue Engineering
08:04

Design of a Biaxial Mechanical Loading Bioreactor for Tissue Engineering

Published on: April 25, 2013

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 15, 2026

Treatment of Ligament Constructs with Exercise-conditioned Serum: A Translational Tissue Engineering Model
08:03

Treatment of Ligament Constructs with Exercise-conditioned Serum: A Translational Tissue Engineering Model

Published on: June 11, 2017

Design of a Biaxial Mechanical Loading Bioreactor for Tissue Engineering
08:04

Design of a Biaxial Mechanical Loading Bioreactor for Tissue Engineering

Published on: April 25, 2013

Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Orthopedic Research
  • Sports Medicine

Background:

  • Entheses are critical musculoskeletal junctions prone to overuse injuries due to high stress concentration.
  • Understanding the structure-function relationships of entheses is vital for addressing sports-related injuries.
  • Current knowledge gaps exist regarding how tendons and ligaments anchor to bone at fibrocartilaginous entheses.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the structure-function relationships of entheses at macroscopic, microscopic, and molecular levels.
  • To explain mechanisms that reduce stress concentration at fibrocartilaginous entheses.
  • To examine the "enthesis organ" concept and the role of associated tissues in stress dissipation.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review synthesizing current knowledge on enthesis biology.
  • Analysis of macroscopic, microscopic, and molecular adaptations at entheses.
  • Evaluation of the functional significance of the enthesis organ, including bursae and adipose tissue.

Main Results:

  • Fibrocartilaginous entheses employ various adaptations to dissipate stress away from the hard-soft tissue interface.
  • The "enthesis organ" concept, exemplified by the Achilles tendon, includes adjacent tissues that collectively manage stress.
  • Adipose tissue distribution and potential functions at entheses, including insertion sites, are discussed.

Conclusions:

  • Entheses are complex structures with specialized adaptations for stress dissipation, crucial for preventing injury.
  • The enthesis organ model provides a framework for understanding the integrated function of tissues surrounding the enthesis.
  • Further research into enthesopathies may reveal degenerative changes in broader enthesis organ regions beyond the enthesis itself.