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Histamine and histamine intolerance.

Laura Maintz1, Natalija Novak

  • 1Department of Dermatology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.

The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition
|May 11, 2007
PubMed
Summary
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Histamine intolerance occurs when the body cannot break down histamine, leading to allergy-like symptoms. Reducing dietary histamine or using antihistamines can alleviate these symptoms.

Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Immunology
  • Gastroenterology

Background:

  • Histamine intolerance arises from an imbalance between accumulated histamine and the body's capacity to degrade it.
  • Dietary histamine is detoxified by amine oxidases, primarily diamine oxidase (DAO) for ingested histamine.
  • Reduced DAO activity leads to histamine excess, causing symptoms that mimic allergic reactions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explain the biochemical basis of histamine intolerance.
  • To identify the role of diamine oxidase (DAO) in histamine metabolism.
  • To outline the symptoms and potential management strategies for histamine intolerance.

Main Methods:

  • Review of biochemical pathways for histamine degradation.
  • Discussion of the enzymatic roles of DAO and histamine N-methyltransferase.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Analysis of clinical manifestations and triggers of histamine intolerance.

    • Main Results:

    • Impaired histamine degradation, particularly due to reduced DAO activity, results in histamine excess.
    • Histamine excess can trigger a wide range of symptoms including gastrointestinal issues, headaches, and skin reactions.
    • Symptoms can be managed through a histamine-free diet or antihistamines.

    Conclusions:

    • Histamine intolerance is a significant condition characterized by symptoms mimicking allergies due to impaired histamine breakdown.
    • DAO deficiency is a key factor in histamine intolerance, necessitating further research, including double-blind, placebo-controlled studies.
    • This condition should be considered in patients with unexplained symptoms triggered by histamine-containing foods, alcohol, or DAO-blocking agents.