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Updated: Jul 15, 2026

Orthotopic Mouse Model of Colorectal Cancer

Orthotopic Mouse Model of Colorectal Cancer

Published on: December 4, 2007

Poorly differentiated rectal carcinoid in a cow.

M Michishita¹, K Takahashi, H Moriya

¹Department of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, Musashino, Tokyo 180-8602, Japan.

Veterinary Pathology

|May 11, 2007

Summary

This study reports the first case of a poorly differentiated carcinoid tumor in a cow's rectum. Microscopic and immunohistochemical analyses confirmed the diagnosis in this rare bovine neoplasm.

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Assessment of the Rectum and Anus

Assessment of the Rectum and Anus

Evaluating the rectum and anus plays a crucial role in conducting a thorough physical examination of the gastrointestinal system. Although it may be uncomfortable and often embarrassing for the patient, it holds immense diagnostic value, particularly in detecting gastrointestinal diseases and abnormalities. This guide will explain how to perform this assessment using inspection and palpation methods.
Rectal Inspection
Begin by inspecting the perianal and anal areas for color, texture, rashes,...

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Area of Science:

Veterinary Pathology
Bovine Neoplasia
Gastrointestinal Oncology

Background:

Carcinoid tumors, neuroendocrine neoplasms, are rare in cattle.
Rectal tumors in cattle are uncommon, with limited documented cases.

Observation:

A solitary soft mass was identified in the rectal wall of an adult Holstein cow, near the anorectal junction.
Microscopic examination revealed a tumor involving the submucosa and muscular layers, composed of polygonal and small dark cells.
Immunohistochemistry showed positivity for vimentin, keratin, S-100 protein, and weak neuron-specific enolase (NSE), with negativity for several endocrine markers.

Findings:

The tumor exhibited characteristics of a poorly differentiated carcinoid.
Morphological features of small dark cells, including argyrophilia and cytoplasmic secretory granules observed via electron microscopy, supported the diagnosis.

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Last Updated: Jul 15, 2026

Orthotopic Mouse Model of Colorectal Cancer

Orthotopic Mouse Model of Colorectal Cancer

Published on: December 4, 2007

This represents the first documented instance of a poorly differentiated carcinoid tumor in the rectum of a cow.

Implications:

This case expands the understanding of carcinoid tumor occurrence in bovines.
Highlights the importance of comprehensive diagnostic techniques, including immunohistochemistry and electron microscopy, for characterizing rare neoplasms.
Provides a reference for future veterinary oncological research and diagnostics in cattle.