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Related Concept Videos

Functional Brain Systems: Limbic System01:15

Functional Brain Systems: Limbic System

The limbic system, often called the "emotional brain," is a complex set of structures located deep within the brain. The intricate network of the limbic system supports a wide range of psychological functions, from emotional regulation to memory formation and sensory processing. This functional brain region encompasses specific parts of the diencephalon and the cerebrum, integrating the higher mental functions of the cerebral cortex with the primitive emotional responses of the deep brain...
Role of Amygdala in Memory01:16

Role of Amygdala in Memory

The amygdala is a small, almond-shaped structure responsible for processing and storing memories, particularly those linked to emotions like fear and stress. It plays an essential role in the brain's response to emotionally significant events and often enhances memory formation by triggering stress hormone release. The amygdala is vital for encoding and retrieving memories associated with fear or stress, a process that is adaptive by helping organisms avoid dangerous situations.
One of the...
Physiology of Emotion01:20

Physiology of Emotion

The physiology of emotions is a multifaceted process involving the autonomic nervous system, brain structures, hormones, and neurotransmitters. This intricate interplay dictates how emotions manifest in the body and influence behavior.
Autonomic Nervous System
The autonomic nervous system (ANS) plays a critical role in emotional responses by regulating involuntary physiological functions. It consists of two main components: the sympathetic and parasympathetic systems. The sympathetic system...
Diencephalon: Anatomical Regions01:30

Diencephalon: Anatomical Regions

The diencephalon, etymologically translated as 'through brain,' plays an integral role as the conduit between the cerebrum and the vast extent of the nervous system. However, the olfactory system is an exception, as it interfaces directly with the cerebrum. The diencephalon, deeply ensconced beneath the cerebrum, primarily consists of three paired structures — the thalamus, hypothalamus, and epithelamus. It also includes accessory structures such as the subthalamus, which houses the subthalamic...
Post-traumatic Stress Disorder01:27

Post-traumatic Stress Disorder

Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a psychiatric condition that arises following exposure to traumatic events such as natural disasters, forced displacement, or severe accidents. It significantly impairs individuals' ability to cope with daily activities and disrupts their emotional and psychological equilibrium.
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Association Areas of the Cortex

Association areas are regions of the cerebral cortex that do not have a specific sensory or motor function. Instead, they integrate and interpret information from various sources to enable higher cognitive processes such as memory, learning, and decision-making. Some key association areas include the following:
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Ex Vivo Optogenetic Dissection of Fear Circuits in Brain Slices
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[The amygdaloid complex and its implication in psychiatric disorders].

M T Ledo-Varela1, J M Giménez-Amaya, A Llamas

  • 1Departamento de Anatomía, Histología y Neurociencia, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma, Madrid.

Anales Del Sistema Sanitario De Navarra
|May 12, 2007
PubMed
Summary

The amygdaloid complex, crucial for the limbic system, shows structural damage in various psychiatric disorders. Alterations vary by condition, sex, and age, indicating its complex role in mental health.

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Ex Vivo Optogenetic Dissection of Fear Circuits in Brain Slices
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Combined Optogenetic and Freeze-fracture Replica Immunolabeling to Examine Input-specific Arrangement of Glutamate Receptors in the Mouse Amygdala
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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Psychiatry
  • Neuroanatomy

Context:

  • The amygdaloid complex, a key limbic system component in the temporal lobe, is implicated in emotional processing.
  • Structural and functional alterations of the amygdaloid complex are increasingly linked to diverse psychiatric conditions.

Purpose:

  • To review and synthesize published data on the amygdaloid complex's involvement in common psychiatric diseases.
  • To explore variations in amygdaloid complex morphology across different disorders, age groups, and sexes.

Summary:

  • Review indicates amygdaloid complex damage is common in psychiatric disorders, notably Klüver-Bucy syndrome.
  • Schizophrenia shows decreased amygdaloid volume, more pronounced and diffuse in males.
  • Autism spectrum disorder presents enlarged amygdala in children but normalized volume in adolescents; mood disorders and dementias show reduced volume or atrophy.

Impact:

  • Findings highlight the amygdaloid complex's significant role in psychiatric pathophysiology.
  • Suggests sex and age-dependent differences in the neurobiological underpinnings of these disorders.
  • Underscores the need for further research to fully elucidate the amygdaloid complex's influence on mental health.