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Heavy elements in urinary stones.

D Bazin1, P Chevallier, G Matzen

  • 1Laboratoire de Physique des Solides, Bâtiment 510, Université Paris Sud, 91405 Orsay, France.

Urological Research
|May 12, 2007
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

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Zinc and strontium are the main heavy metals in urinary stones, primarily found in calcium-based stones. Their presence suggests substitution for calcium rather than a direct role in stone formation.

Area of Science:

  • Urology
  • Geochemistry
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • The role of heavy metals in the etiology of urinary stones remains unclear.
  • Previous research has yielded conflicting findings regarding heavy metal presence in calculi.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the distribution and abundance of trace heavy metals in urinary calculi.
  • To elucidate the potential role of heavy metals in the formation of different types of urinary stones.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of 78 urinary calculi with well-defined compositions.
  • Utilized synchrotron radiation-based microfluorescence X-ray analysis for elemental identification and quantification.

Main Results:

  • Seven trace heavy metals were identified, with zinc (Zn) and strontium (Sr) being the most abundant, comprising 91% of the total heavy metal content.

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  • Zn and Sr were predominantly found in calcium-containing stones (calcium phosphate and calcium oxalate), with lower concentrations in uric acid or cystine stones.
  • Lead (Pb) levels were lower than previously reported, suggesting environmental reduction, while selenium (Se) was mainly detected in cystine stones.

    • Conclusions:

    • The high prevalence of Zn and Sr in calcium stones suggests they act as substitutes for calcium ions (Ca2+), rather than directly contributing to stone formation.
    • Further research is warranted to explore the correlation between urinary calcium concentration and the accumulation of Zn and Sr in calculi.