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Mediators of anaphylaxis.

Yoshiko Ogawa1, J Andrew Grant

  • 1Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, Immunology, Critical Care, and Sleep, University of Texas Medical Branch, Medical Research Building 8.104, Galveston, TX 77555-1083, USA. yoogawa@utmb.edu

Immunology and Allergy Clinics of North America
|May 12, 2007
PubMed
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Anaphylaxis is a severe allergic reaction triggered by IgE activating mast cells. This releases mediators causing symptoms across multiple body systems and recruiting other inflammatory cells.

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Allergy Research

Background:

  • Anaphylaxis is a critical, life-threatening allergic condition.
  • It is primarily mediated by immunoglobulin E (IgE) and mast cell activation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To detail the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying anaphylaxis.
  • To explain the cascade of mediator release and subsequent inflammatory responses.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on anaphylaxis.
  • Analysis of mast cell degranulation and mediator synthesis pathways.

Main Results:

  • IgE activation of mast cells releases preformed mediators like histamine, tryptase, chymase, and heparin.
  • These mediators cause characteristic anaphylactic symptoms in the skin, respiratory, circulatory, and gastrointestinal systems.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Mast cells also synthesize prostaglandins and leukotrienes, and release cytokines/chemokines, recruiting other immune cells.

    • Conclusions:

    • Mast cell degranulation is central to anaphylaxis pathophysiology.
    • A complex interplay of mediators and recruited cells drives anaphylactic symptoms and inflammation.