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Neuroplasticity

Neuroplasticity

Neuroplasticity reflects the brain's remarkable capacity to adapt and evolve, responding dynamically to learning, experiences, or injury by reorganizing its neural circuitry. This reorganization involves creating new neural connections and refining old ones through a series of biological processes that contribute to the brain's lifelong development and adaptability.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 15, 2026

Stereotactically-guided Ablation of the Rat Auditory Cortex, and Localization of the Lesion in the Brain

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Adaptive auditory plasticity in developing and adult animals.

Alex S Keuroghlian¹, Eric I Knudsen

¹Department of Neurobiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305-5125, United States. alexk22@stanford.edu

Progress in Neurobiology

|May 12, 2007

Summary

Adult auditory system plasticity requires attention to stimuli, unlike juveniles where exposure can suffice. Neuromodulators like acetylcholine gate this adaptive plasticity, crucial for auditory system function.

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Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Auditory System Plasticity

Background:

Adaptive plasticity in the central auditory system is well-studied.
Adult plasticity requires stimulus attention, unlike juveniles where exposure can induce changes.
Neuromodulatory systems, especially acetylcholine (ACh), play a key role in gating adult plasticity.

Purpose of the Study:

To review experimental evidence on experience-dependent plasticity in the central auditory system.
To compare plasticity mechanisms in developing versus adult animals.
To highlight the stringent conditions for adult auditory plasticity.

Main Methods:

Review of experimental results across various species.
Analysis of plasticity in central auditory representations.
Examination of plasticity related to frequency, level, temporal sequence, and binaural cues.

Main Results:

Adult auditory plasticity is specific to attended acoustic features.
Attention is essential for inducing plasticity in adults, mediated by neuromodulators.
Juvenile auditory plasticity can occur with mere exposure during sensitive periods.
Experience-dependent plasticity occurs in both developing and adult auditory systems, but under stricter conditions in adults.

Conclusions:

Auditory system plasticity is experience-dependent in both development and adulthood.
Attention and neuromodulation are critical for adult auditory plasticity.
Significant functional changes in auditory circuits can occur with minimal exposure in juveniles.