Autoantibodies and autoantigens: a conserved system that may shape a primary immunoglobulin gene pool

Formation of certain autoantibodies is associated with a variety of autoimmune diseases, but the production of small amounts of autoantibodies also occurs in the normal immune system. Germline-encoded IgM antibodies that are autoreactive and bind to diverse antigen structures with low affinity are prominent in the primary antibody repertoire. Many IgG disease-related autoantibodies differ in structure and binding properties from these normally occurring IgM autoantibodies. The two sets may arise independently, but some properties, such as shared idiotypes, link some members of the two populations. Many autoantigen targets of both sets of autoantibodies are structurally conserved among species, as are certain features of the autoantibodies themselves. These elements, interacting before exposure of the system to foreign antigens, may constitute a conserved system that contributes to shaping and maintaining a primary immunoglobulin gene pool.