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Related Concept Videos

Long-term Depression01:03

Long-term Depression

Long-term depression, or LTD, is one of the ways by which synaptic plasticity—changes in the strength of chemical synapses—can occur in the brain. LTD is the process of synaptic weakening that occurs over time between pre and postsynaptic neuronal connections. The synaptic weakening of LTD works in opposition to synaptic strengthening by long-term potentiation (LTP) and together are the main mechanisms that underlie learning and memory.
Calcium Ion Concentration Mechanism
If over time, all...
Long-term Depression01:05

Long-term Depression

Long-term depression, or LTD, is one of the ways by which synaptic plasticity—changes in the strength of chemical synapses—can occur in the brain. LTD is the process of synaptic weakening that occurs over time between pre and postsynaptic neuronal connections. The synaptic weakening of LTD works in opposition to synaptic strengthening by long-term potentiation (LTP) and together are the main mechanisms that underlie learning and memory.
Chemical Synapses01:26

Chemical Synapses

Chemical synapses are specialized sites between two neurons or between a neuron and a non-neuronal cell like a muscle, glandular or sensory cell.
Because chemical synapses depend on the release of neurotransmitter molecules from synaptic vesicles to pass on their signal, there is an approximately one millisecond delay between when the axon potential reaches the presynaptic terminal and when the neurotransmitter leads to opening of postsynaptic ion channels. Additionally, this signaling is...
Chemical Synapses01:26

Chemical Synapses

Chemical synapses are specialized sites between two neurons or between a neuron and a non-neuronal cell like a muscle, glandular or sensory cell.
Because chemical synapses depend on the release of neurotransmitter molecules from synaptic vesicles to pass on their signal, there is an approximately one millisecond delay between when the axon potential reaches the presynaptic terminal and when the neurotransmitter leads to opening of postsynaptic ion channels. Additionally, this signaling is...
Long-term Potentiation01:35

Long-term Potentiation

Long-term potentiation, or LTP, is one of the ways by which synaptic plasticity—changes in the strength of chemical synapses—can occur in the brain. LTP is the process of synaptic strengthening that occurs over time between pre- and postsynaptic neuronal connections. The synaptic strengthening of LTP works in opposition to the synaptic weakening of long-term depression (LTD) and together are the main mechanisms that underlie learning and memory.
Long-term Potentiation01:25

Long-term Potentiation

Long-term potentiation, or LTP, is one of the ways by which synaptic plasticity—changes in the strength of chemical synapses—can occur in the brain. LTP is the process of synaptic strengthening that occurs over time between pre and postsynaptic neuronal connections. The synaptic strengthening of LTP works in opposition to the synaptic weakening of long-term depression (LTD) and together are the main mechanisms that underlie learning and memory.
Hebbian LTP
LTP can occur when presynaptic neurons...

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Mechanisms for synapse specificity during striatal long-term depression.

Sheela Singla1, Anatol C Kreitzer, Robert C Malenka

  • 1Nancy Pritzker Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California 94304, USA.

The Journal of Neuroscience : the Official Journal of the Society for Neuroscience
|May 15, 2007
PubMed
Summary

Endocannabinoid-mediated long-term depression in the striatum requires both presynaptic activity and CB1 receptor activation. This dual control ensures synapse-specific plasticity, refining neural circuit function.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Synaptic Plasticity
  • Receptor Signaling

Background:

  • Endocannabinoid (eCB) signaling modulates synaptic plasticity in various brain areas.
  • The precise mechanisms and synapse specificity of eCB-mediated plasticity remain incompletely understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the fundamental properties and molecular mechanisms of eCB-mediated long-term depression (eCB-LTD) in the striatum.
  • To identify the conditions necessary for eCB-LTD induction at excitatory synapses on medium spiny neurons.

Main Methods:

  • Electrophysiological recordings in brain slices.
  • Stimulation protocols to induce synaptic plasticity.
  • Pharmacological manipulation of CB1 receptor activity.

Main Results:

  • eCB-LTD at excitatory synapses on striatal medium spiny neurons was observed.
  • Induction of eCB-LTD necessitates coincident presynaptic activity and activation of CB1 receptors.
  • This dual requirement was identified as a key factor for synapse specificity.

Conclusions:

  • eCB-LTD in the striatum is dependent on a specific conjunction of neuronal activity and receptor signaling.
  • The findings elucidate a mechanism for achieving synapse-specific eCB-mediated plasticity.
  • This provides insight into the fine-tuning of neural circuits by endocannabinoid signaling.