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PPAR ligands: are they potential agents for cardiovascular disorders?
Pitchai Balakumar1, Madhankumar Rose, Manjeet Singh
1Cardiovascular Pharmacology Division, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University Patiala, Patiala, India. pbala2002@rediffmail.com
Peroxisome proliferator activated receptors (PPARs) offer therapeutic potential for cardiovascular disorders (CVD). While PPAR agonists show benefits, some studies reveal controversial proinflammatory and proatherogenic effects, necessitating further investigation.
Area of Science:
- Molecular biology
- Endocrinology
- Cardiology
Background:
- Peroxisome proliferator activated receptors (PPARs) are nuclear hormone receptors with three subtypes: PPARalpha, PPARgamma, and PPARbeta/delta.
- PPARalpha agonists (fibrates) are used for lipid lowering, and PPARgamma agonists treat type 2 diabetes and insulin resistance.
- Emerging evidence suggests PPARs play a role in cardiovascular disorders (CVD).
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the benefits and limitations of PPAR agonists in managing cardiovascular disorders.
- To explore the potential of PPARalpha/gamma dual agonists and PPARdelta as therapeutic targets for CVD.
- To address controversial findings regarding the effects of PPAR agonists in CVD.
Main Methods:
- Review of experimental and clinical evidence on PPAR agonists in CVD.
- Analysis of studies investigating PPARalpha, PPARgamma, and PPARdelta functions in cardiovascular contexts.
- Synthesis of data on both beneficial and detrimental effects of PPAR agonists.
Main Results:
- PPAR agonists demonstrate beneficial effects in preventing and treating various CVDs.
- Some studies indicate PPARalpha and PPARgamma agonists can be proinflammatory and proatherogenic.
- PPARgamma ligands have been implicated in the pathogenesis of congestive heart failure.
Conclusions:
- PPAR agonists present a complex therapeutic profile for CVD management.
- PPARalpha/gamma dual agonists show promise for type 2 diabetes and multifactorial CVD.
- Further research is needed to clarify the role of PPARdelta and resolve conflicting data on PPAR agonists in CVD.
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