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Extraction: Advanced Methods00:56

Extraction: Advanced Methods

Metal ions can be separated from one another by complexation with organic ligands–the chelating agent– to form uncharged chelates. Here, the chelating agent must contain hydrophobic groups and behave as a weak acid, losing a proton to bind with the metal. Since most organic ligands used in this process are insoluble or undergo oxidation in the aqueous phase, the chelating agent is initially added to the organic phase and extracted into the aqueous phase. The metal-ligand complex is formed in...

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Related Experiment Video

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Positron Emission Tomography Using 64-Copper as a Tracer for the Study of Copper-Related Disorders
06:52

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Published on: April 28, 2023

Percentage non-caeruloplasmin bound copper.

Patrick J Twomey1, Anthony S Wierzbicki, Ivan M House

  • 1Department of Clinical Biochemistry, The Ipswich Hospital, Heath Road, Ipswich IP4 5PD, UK. patrick.twomey@ipswichhospital.nhs.uk

Clinical Biochemistry
|May 15, 2007
PubMed
Summary

This study found that the percentage of non-caeruloplasmin bound copper (%NCC) in normal individuals is higher than previously accepted. This finding may impact copper level interpretations in clinical settings.

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Last Updated: Jul 15, 2026

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Area of Science:

  • Clinical Chemistry
  • Trace Element Analysis
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Copper is an essential trace element involved in various physiological processes.
  • Non-caeruloplasmin bound copper (%NCC) is a parameter used to assess copper status.
  • Established reference values for %NCC are crucial for accurate clinical interpretation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare calculated percentage non-caeruloplasmin bound copper (%NCC) values against generally accepted reference ranges.
  • To evaluate the distribution and variability of %NCC in a cohort of normal individuals.

Main Methods:

  • Calculated %NCC using data from 338 individuals with normal health status.
  • Statistical analysis to determine the range and non-parametric reference interval for %NCC.

Main Results:

  • The %NCC values ranged from -59.75% to 51.98%, with a median of 8.75%.
  • The non-parametric reference interval for %NCC was determined to be -23.44% to 22.99%.
  • A significant proportion (43.8%) of %NCC values exceeded 10%.

Conclusions:

  • The study indicates that %NCC values in the normal population are higher than commonly accepted.
  • Potential discrepancies may arise from uncertainties in measurement precision, analytical bias, and assay specificity.
  • Re-evaluation of established %NCC reference intervals may be warranted.