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Termination of Translation

Termination of Translation

The large ribosomal subunit has several important structures essential to translation. These include the peptidyl transferase center (PTC) - which is the site where the peptide bond is formed - and a large, internal, water-filled tube through which the nascent polypeptide moves. This latter structure is called the Peptide Exit Tunnel, and it begins at the PTC and spans the body of the large ribosomal subunit. During translation, as the nascent polypeptide chain is synthesized, it passes through...

Ribosomes

Ribosomes

Ribosomes translate genetic information encoded by messenger RNA (mRNA) into proteins. Both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells have ribosomes. Cells that synthesize large quantities of protein—such as secretory cells in the human pancreas—can contain millions of ribosomes.
Ribosome Structure and Assembly
Ribosomes are composed of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) and proteins. In eukaryotes, rRNA is transcribed from genes in the nucleolus—a part of the nucleus that specializes in ribosome production. Within...

Ribosomes

Ribosomes

Ribosomes translate genetic information encoded by messenger RNA (mRNA) into proteins. Both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells have ribosomes. Cells that synthesize large quantities of protein—such as secretory cells in the human pancreas—can contain millions of ribosomes.Ribosome Structure and AssemblyRibosomes are composed of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) and proteins. In eukaryotes, rRNA is transcribed from genes in the nucleolus—a part of the nucleus that specializes in ribosome production. Within the...

Ribosomes

Ribosomes

Ribosomes translate genetic information encoded by messenger RNA (mRNA) into proteins. Both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells have ribosomes. Cells that synthesize large quantities of protein—such as secretory cells in the human pancreas—can contain millions of ribosomes.
Ribosome Structure and Assembly
Ribosomes are composed of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) and proteins. In eukaryotes, rRNA is transcribed from genes in the nucleolus—a part of the nucleus that specializes in ribosome production. Within...

Ribosomes

Ribosomes

Ribosomes translate genetic information encoded by messenger RNA (mRNA) into proteins. Both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells have ribosomes. Cells that synthesize large quantities of protein—such as secretory cells in the human pancreas—can contain millions of ribosomes.Ribosome Structure and AssemblyRibosomes are composed of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) and proteins. In eukaryotes, rRNA is transcribed from genes in the nucleolus—a part of the nucleus that specializes in ribosome production. Within the...

Translation in Prokaryotes

Translation in Prokaryotes

Prokaryote translation is a complex, highly coordinated process that converts genetic information from mRNA into functional proteins. It involves three stages: initiation, elongation, and termination, each facilitated by specific molecular components.Initiation of TranslationThe process begins with the assembly of the ribosomal subunits and initiation factors on the mRNA. In bacteria, the 30S ribosomal subunit recognizes the Shine-Dalgarno sequence in the mRNA, a conserved region upstream of...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 15, 2026

Single Molecule Fluorescence Energy Transfer Study of Ribosome Protein Synthesis

Single Molecule Fluorescence Energy Transfer Study of Ribosome Protein Synthesis

Published on: July 6, 2021

The ribosomal peptidyl transferase.

Malte Beringer¹, Marina V Rodnina

¹Institute of Physical Biochemistry, University of Witten/Herdecke, Witten, Germany.

|May 15, 2007

Summary

The ribosome catalyzes peptide bond formation using an RNA active site. It accelerates the reaction by optimizing substrate positioning, ordering water, and stabilizing intermediates via an electrostatic network.

Area of Science:

Biochemistry
Molecular Biology
Structural Biology

Background:

Peptide bond formation is a fundamental biological process catalyzed by the ribosome.
The ribosome's active site is primarily composed of ribosomal RNA (rRNA).

Purpose of the Study:

To elucidate the detailed catalytic mechanism of peptide bond formation on the ribosome.
To understand how the ribosome accelerates this crucial reaction.

Main Methods:

Utilizing structural, biochemical, and computational approaches.
Analyzing the role of RNA in the active site.
Investigating substrate positioning and water ordering.
Examining the electrostatic network's contribution.

More Related Videos

Isolation of Translating Ribosomes Containing Peptidyl-tRNAs for Functional and Structural Analyses

Isolation of Translating Ribosomes Containing Peptidyl-tRNAs for Functional and Structural Analyses

Published on: February 25, 2011

RIBO-seq in Bacteria: a Sample Collection and Library Preparation Protocol for NGS Sequencing

RIBO-seq in Bacteria: a Sample Collection and Library Preparation Protocol for NGS Sequencing

Published on: August 7, 2021

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 15, 2026

Single Molecule Fluorescence Energy Transfer Study of Ribosome Protein Synthesis

Single Molecule Fluorescence Energy Transfer Study of Ribosome Protein Synthesis

Published on: July 6, 2021

Isolation of Translating Ribosomes Containing Peptidyl-tRNAs for Functional and Structural Analyses

Isolation of Translating Ribosomes Containing Peptidyl-tRNAs for Functional and Structural Analyses

Published on: February 25, 2011

RIBO-seq in Bacteria: a Sample Collection and Library Preparation Protocol for NGS Sequencing

RIBO-seq in Bacteria: a Sample Collection and Library Preparation Protocol for NGS Sequencing

Published on: August 7, 2021

Main Results:

The ribosome lowers activation entropy by precise substrate positioning and ordered water molecules.
An electrostatic network within the active site stabilizes reaction intermediates.
A concerted proton shuttle mechanism, involving tRNA ribose hydroxyl groups, facilitates proton transfer.

Conclusions:

The ribosome employs a sophisticated mechanism involving RNA, substrate arrangement, and electrostatics to efficiently catalyze peptide bond formation.
Understanding this mechanism provides insights into protein synthesis and potential therapeutic targets.