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Related Concept Videos

Subcellular Fractionation01:32

Subcellular Fractionation

The homogenate obtained after cell lysis contains various membrane-bound organelles that can be further separated into pure fractions by subcellular fractionation. These isolates are used to study specific cellular components, analyze localized protein activity, and are even employed in diagnostics. Fractionation is typically achieved using centrifugation methods, the most common being density-gradient and differential centrifugation.
Differential Centrifugation
Differential centrifugation is...
Composition of Blood Plasma01:24

Composition of Blood Plasma

Blood plasma is a fluid that contains approximately 92% water and 8% solutes. The solutes include various types of proteins, which constitute about 7% of the total solutes in the plasma. The high-molecular-weight proteins—albumins, globulins, and fibrinogen—are essential to plasma function. Albumins, making up about 60% of the plasma proteins, maintain the osmotic balance within blood vessels by preventing excessive water leakage. Additionally, albumins serve as carrier proteins, binding to...
Drug Distribution: Plasma Protein Binding01:29

Drug Distribution: Plasma Protein Binding

Drugs predominantly attach to plasma proteins, with only a small percentage remaining unbound. The unbound portion can be calculated as one minus the bound fraction. Acidic drugs form large, inactive complexes by reversibly binding to plasma albumin, which prevents them from diffusing across biological barriers. These drug-protein complexes act as reservoirs for the drugs. As the concentration of unbound drugs decreases, these complexes quickly dissociate to release the free drug, maintaining...
Overview Of Cell Separation And Isolation01:20

Overview Of Cell Separation And Isolation

Cell separation was first achieved in 1964 by S. H. Seal, who separated large tumor cells from the smaller blood cells using filtration. Two years later, Pohl and Hawk performed experiments on how cells respond differently to a nonuniform electric field based on the cell type. Such observations were the inception of cell separation methods, which allow isolating a single cell type from a heterogeneous sample.
Centrifugation01:05

Centrifugation

Centrifugation is a separation technique based on differences in density or size. It is commonly used to separate solids from aqueous interferents. During centrifugation, the sample is placed in centrifugation tubes and spun at high angular velocity, which allows centrifugal force to act differentially on the different densities or masses of the components. After spinning, the supernatant liquid is decanted. Depending on the specific application, either the pellet or the supernatant is retained...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 15, 2026

Rapid Fractionation and Isolation of Whole Blood Components in Samples Obtained from a Community-based Setting
11:31

Rapid Fractionation and Isolation of Whole Blood Components in Samples Obtained from a Community-based Setting

Published on: November 30, 2015

[Plasma fractionation in the world: current status].

T Burnouf1

  • 1Human Plasma Product Services (HPPS), 18 rue Saint-Jacques, 59000 Lille, France. tburnou@attglobal.net

Transfusion Clinique Et Biologique : Journal De La Societe Francaise De Transfusion Sanguine
|May 15, 2007
PubMed
Summary

Plasma fractionation is a vital industry supplying essential medicines globally. Despite consolidation and supply challenges, particularly for developing nations, advancements ensure product safety and efficacy.

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Cell Fractionation of U937 Cells in the Absence of High-speed Centrifugation
06:53

Cell Fractionation of U937 Cells in the Absence of High-speed Centrifugation

Published on: January 18, 2019

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 15, 2026

Rapid Fractionation and Isolation of Whole Blood Components in Samples Obtained from a Community-based Setting
11:31

Rapid Fractionation and Isolation of Whole Blood Components in Samples Obtained from a Community-based Setting

Published on: November 30, 2015

Cell Fractionation of U937 Cells in the Absence of High-speed Centrifugation
06:53

Cell Fractionation of U937 Cells in the Absence of High-speed Centrifugation

Published on: January 18, 2019

Area of Science:

  • Plasma Fractionation Technology
  • Biopharmaceutical Manufacturing
  • Global Health Supply Chains

Context:

  • The global plasma industry involves approximately 70 fractionation plants, processing 22-25 million liters of plasma annually.
  • Industry consolidation has led to mergers, acquisitions, and plant closures, impacting global supply.
  • Contract plasma fractionation programs are crucial for ensuring the supply of plasma-derived medicinal products in about 15 countries.

Purpose:

  • To provide an overview of the plasma fractionation industry, its processes, and challenges.
  • To highlight advancements in plasma fractionation technology and product safety.
  • To address the critical issue of plasma product supply, especially for developing countries.

Summary:

  • Plasma fractionation relies on cold ethanol processes enhanced by chromatography and viral inactivation, ensuring safe and high-quality products.
  • Intravenous immunoglobulin G is now the leading plasma product, supplanting factor VIII and albumin.
  • Ensuring an affordable and sufficient supply of plasma products, particularly immunoglobulins and coagulation factors, remains a significant global challenge.

Impact:

  • Plasma fractionation is essential for producing life-saving medicines, including immunoglobulins and coagulation factors.
  • Technological improvements have enhanced the safety and quality of plasma-derived medicinal products.
  • Addressing supply chain vulnerabilities is critical to ensure equitable access to essential plasma-derived therapies worldwide.