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Related Experiment Videos

"Crystal dex:" free-base dextromethorphan.

Robert G Hendrickson1, Robert L Cloutier

  • 1Department of Emergency Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon 97201-3098, USA.

The Journal of Emergency Medicine
|May 15, 2007
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

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Young adults abuse dextromethorphan (DXM) by extracting it from cold medicine. This case report details a dextromethorphan overdose following ingestion of purified "Crystal Dex," highlighting extraction risks.

Area of Science:

  • Pharmacology
  • Toxicology
  • Organic Chemistry

Background:

  • Dextromethorphan (DXM) is a widely available antitussive found in many over-the-counter cold medications.
  • Recreational abuse of DXM has increased among young adults, leading to the development of extraction techniques.
  • These techniques aim to isolate DXM from other ingredients like guaifenesin, sweeteners, and alcohol.

Observation:

  • A case of dextromethorphan overdose is presented after the ingestion of purified DXM, colloquially known as "Crystal Dex."
  • The purification process involves acid-base extraction methods, such as "Agent Lemon" and single-phase extraction.
  • These methods remove excipients, yielding a concentrated form of dextromethorphan.

Findings:

  • The purified dextromethorphan (

Related Experiment Videos

  • Crystal Dex
  • ) is more potent and carries a higher risk of overdose due to the absence of counteracting ingredients.
  • Extraction techniques, while effective in isolating DXM, concentrate the active pharmaceutical ingredient, increasing toxicity risks.

    • Implications:

    • This case underscores the potential dangers associated with the illicit purification and abuse of dextromethorphan.
    • Healthcare providers should be aware of these extraction methods and the potential for severe toxicity from purified DXM.
    • Public health initiatives should address the risks associated with dextromethorphan abuse and the methods used for its purification.