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Related Concept Videos

Cell Specific Gene Expression01:58

Cell Specific Gene Expression

Multicellular organisms contain a variety of structurally and functionally distinct cell types, but the DNA in all the cells originated from the same parent cells. The differences in the cells can be attributed to the differential gene expression. Liver cells, whose functions include detoxification of blood, production of bile to metabolize fats, and synthesis of proteins essential for metabolism, must express a specific set of genes to perform their functions. Gene expression also varies with...
Cell Specific Gene Expression01:58

Cell Specific Gene Expression

Multicellular organisms contain a variety of structurally and functionally distinct cell types, but the DNA in all the cells originated from the same parent cells. The differences in the cells can be attributed to the differential gene expression. Liver cells, whose functions include detoxification of blood, production of bile to metabolize fats, and synthesis of proteins essential for metabolism, must express a specific set of genes to perform their functions. Gene expression also varies with...
Circadian Rhythms and Gene Regulation02:19

Circadian Rhythms and Gene Regulation

The biological clock is involved in many aspects of regulating complex physiology in all animals. It was in 1935 when German zoologists, Hans Kalmus and Erwin Bünning, discovered the existence of circadian rhythm in Drosophila melanogaster. However, the internal molecular mechanisms behind the circadian clock remained a mystery until 1984, when Jeffrey C. Hall, Michael Rosbash, and Michael W. Young discovered the expression of the Per gene oscillating over a 24-hour cycle. In subsequent years,...
Circadian Rhythms and Gene Regulation02:19

Circadian Rhythms and Gene Regulation

The biological clock is involved in many aspects of regulating complex physiology in all animals. It was in 1935 when German zoologists, Hans Kalmus and Erwin Bünning, discovered the existence of circadian rhythm in Drosophila melanogaster. However, the internal molecular mechanisms behind the circadian clock remained a mystery until 1984, when Jeffrey C. Hall, Michael Rosbash, and Michael W. Young discovered the expression of the Per gene oscillating over a 24-hour cycle. In subsequent years,...
Regulation of Expression at Multiple Steps01:23

Regulation of Expression at Multiple Steps

The gene expression in cells is regulated at different stages: (i) transcription, (ii) RNA processing, (iii) RNA localization, and (iv) translation. Transcriptional regulation is mediated by regulatory proteins such as transcription factors, activators, or repressors—these control gene expression by initiating or inhibiting the transcription of genes. Once a precursor or pre-mRNA is produced, it undergoes post-transcriptional modification, including 5' capping, splicing, and the addition of a...
Gene Regulation During Sporulation01:17

Gene Regulation During Sporulation

Sporulation is a complex developmental process that allows certain Gram-positive bacteria, such as Bacillus subtilis and Clostridium species, to survive extreme environmental conditions. This process is tightly regulated by a series of signaling cascades and transcriptional controls, ensuring the formation of a highly resistant endospore.Sporulation is triggered by unfavorable conditions, such as nutrient depletion, and is governed by a phosphorelay system. One of the sensor kinases, such as...

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An Optogenetic Method to Control and Analyze Gene Expression Patterns in Cell-to-cell Interactions
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Published on: March 22, 2018

Stochastic suppression of gene expression oscillators under intercell coupling.

A Koseska1, A Zaikin, J García-Ojalvo

  • 1Institut für Physik, Potsdam Universität, Am Neuen Palais 10, D-14469 Potsdam, Germany.

Physical Review. E, Statistical, Nonlinear, and Soft Matter Physics
|May 16, 2007
PubMed
Summary

Controlling noise and cell coupling in genetic relaxation oscillators reveals new dynamics. Optimal noise levels can enhance system order, with implications for biological processes.

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Area of Science:

  • Systems biology
  • Nonlinear dynamics
  • Computational neuroscience

Background:

  • Genetic relaxation oscillators are fundamental biological components.
  • Understanding their collective dynamics is crucial for biological processes.
  • Noise and coupling significantly impact oscillator behavior.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the influence of noise and cell-to-cell coupling on hysteresis-based genetic relaxation oscillators.
  • To identify how these factors induce novel dynamical regimes.

Main Methods:

  • Simulations of an ensemble of hysteresis-based genetic relaxation oscillators.
  • Analysis of system dynamics under varying coupling strengths and noise levels.

Main Results:

  • Control of coupling and noise alters system dynamics, inducing clustering, synchronous, and asynchronous oscillations.
  • An optimal noise level was found to increase system order.
  • Observed dynamics were correlated with biological processes.

Conclusions:

  • Noise and coupling are critical parameters for controlling the collective behavior of genetic relaxation oscillators.
  • The findings offer insights into biological pattern formation and regulation.