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Related Concept Videos

Diffusion01:21

Diffusion

Diffusion is a type of passive transport. In passive transport, a substance tends to move from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration until the concentration is equal across the space. For example, take the diffusion of substances through the air. When someone opens a perfume bottle in a room filled with people, the perfume is at its highest concentration in the bottle and is at its lowest at the edges of the room. The perfume vapor will diffuse, or spread away, from the...
Diffusion01:12

Diffusion

Diffusion is the passive movement of substances down their concentration gradients—requiring no expenditure of cellular energy. Substances, such as molecules or ions, diffuse from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration in the cytosol or across membranes. Eventually, the concentration will even out, with the substance moving randomly but causing no net change in concentration. Such a state is called dynamic equilibrium, which is essential for maintaining overall...
Passive Diffusion: Overview and Kinetics01:17

Passive Diffusion: Overview and Kinetics

Passive diffusion is a critical process that allows small lipophilic drugs to cross the cell membrane along a concentration gradient. This mechanism's efficiency depends on four primary factors: the membrane's surface area, the drug's lipid-water partition coefficient, the concentration gradient, and the membrane's thickness.
When administered orally, drugs establish a substantial concentration gradient between the gastrointestinal (GI) lumen and the bloodstream, expediting their diffusion into...
Protein Diffusion in the Membrane01:24

Protein Diffusion in the Membrane

Proteins show rotational as well as lateral diffusion across the membrane. The lateral diffusion of proteins was confirmed through the cell fusion experiment where mouse and human cells were fused, resulting in hybrid cells. When the human and mouse cells fused, the specific membrane proteins on human and mouse cells were marked with the red and green-fluorescent markers, respectively. Initially, the red and green fluorescence was located on the respective hemisphere of the cell. As time...
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Theories of Dissolution: Diffusion Layer Model

Dissolution, the process by which drug particles dissolve in a solvent, is explained by the diffusion layer model, a theoretical framework that simulates the absorption of oral drugs and allows us to analyze experimental data.
This process starts with a thin layer, saturated with the drug, forming at the interface between the solid and liquid. The solute then diffuses from this layer into the main solution. The Noyes-Whitney equation suggests that the rate of dissolution relies on the diffusion...
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Pore Transport and Ion-Pair Transport

Pore transport and ion-pair formation are critical mechanisms for the absorption and distribution of drugs in the body.
Pore transport, also known as convective transport, is a process where small molecules like urea, water, and sugars rapidly cross cell membranes as though there were channels or pores in the membrane. Although direct microscopic evidence is limited  but the concept of pores or channels is widely accepted based on physiological evidence. Despite the lack of direct microscopic...

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Double domain structure of the pair contact process with diffusion.

Sungchul Kwon1, Yup Kim

  • 1Department of Physics and Research Institute of Basic Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, Korea.

Physical Review. E, Statistical, Nonlinear, and Soft Matter Physics
|May 16, 2007
PubMed
Summary

The pair contact process with diffusion (PCPD) exhibits a complex domain structure with coupled and uncoupled regions. This double domain structure significantly slows the approach to its asymptotic scaling behavior.

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Area of Science:

  • Statistical Physics
  • Complex Systems
  • Mathematical Biology

Background:

  • The pair contact process with diffusion (PCPD) is a stochastic reaction-diffusion model.
  • It involves competing reactions (2A-->3A and 2A-->0) and isotropic particle diffusion.
  • This diffusion couples solitary particles and pairs bidirectionally.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the domain structure of the PCPD model.
  • To understand the scaling behavior of the spreading domain at criticality.
  • To analyze the factors contributing to the slow approach to asymptotic scaling.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of a stochastic reaction-diffusion model (PCPD).
  • Characterization of domain structure into coupled (Rp) and uncoupled (RU) regions.
  • Estimation of critical exponents (Zp and ZU) governing domain growth.

Main Results:

  • The spreading domain consists of a coupled region (Rp) and an uncoupled region (RU).
  • At criticality, Rp and RU scale with different exponents (Zp < ZU).
  • Estimated exponents: Zp=1.61(1) and ZU=1.768(8).

Conclusions:

  • The distinct scaling of Rp and RU leads to extremely slow decay of scaling corrections.
  • The double domain structure impedes the identification of asymptotic scaling behavior.
  • PCPD's complex domain dynamics result in a slow approach to its steady state.