Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Ferromagnetism01:31

Ferromagnetism

Materials like iron, nickel, and cobalt consist of magnetic domains, within which the magnetic dipoles are arranged parallel to each other. The magnetic dipoles are rigidly aligned in the same direction within a domain by quantum mechanical coupling among the atoms. This coupling is so strong that even thermal agitation at room temperature cannot break it. The result is that each domain has a net dipole moment. However, some materials have weaker coupling, and are ferromagnetic at lower...
Theory of Metallic Conduction01:17

Theory of Metallic Conduction

The conduction of free electrons inside a conductor is best described by quantum mechanics. However, a classical model makes predictions close to the results of quantum mechanics. It is called the theory of metallic conduction.
In this theory, Newton's second law of motion is used to determine the acceleration of an electron in the presence of an applied electric field. Then, its velocity is expressed via this acceleration.
An electron moves through the crystal, containing positive ions,...
Colors and Magnetism03:02

Colors and Magnetism

Color in Coordination Complexes
When atoms or molecules absorb light at the proper frequency, their electrons are excited to higher-energy orbitals. For many main group atoms and molecules, the absorbed photons are in the ultraviolet range of the electromagnetic spectrum, which cannot be detected by the human eye. For coordination compounds, the energy difference between the d orbitals often allows photons in the visible range to be absorbed and emitted, which is seen as colors by the human eye.
Paramagnetism01:30

Paramagnetism

Paramagnets are materials with unpaired electrons that possess a finite magnetic moment. In the absence of a magnetic field, these moments are randomly oriented, and thus the net moment is zero. Under an external field, a torque acting on the moments tends to align them along the field's direction. However, the random thermal motion of electrons produces a torque opposite to the external field and tries to disorient the moments. These two competing effects align only a few moments along the...
Bonding in Metals02:32

Bonding in Metals

Metallic bonds are formed between two metal atoms. A simplified model to describe metallic bonding has been developed by Paul Drüde called the “Electron Sea Model”.
Diamagnetism01:26

Diamagnetism

Materials consisting of paired electrons have zero net magnetic moments. However, when these materials are placed under an external magnetic field, the moments opposite to the field are induced. Such materials are called diamagnets. Diamagnetism is the response of the diamagnets when placed in an external magnetic field.
Diamagnetism was discovered by Anton Brugmans in 1778 when he observed that bismuth gets repelled by magnetic fields, thus theorizing that diamagnets get repelled by magnets.

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Macroscopic irreversibility in quantum systems: Free expansion in a fermionic chain.

Physical review. E·2025
Same author

Ground State of the S=1 Antiferromagnetic Heisenberg Chain Is Topologically Nontrivial if Gapped.

Physical review letters·2025
Same author

Hohenberg-Mermin-Wagner-Type Theorems for Equilibrium Models of Flocking.

Physical review letters·2020
Same author

Topological Phase Transition and Z_{2} Index for S=1 Quantum Spin Chains.

Physical review letters·2018
Same author

Universal Trade-Off Relation between Power and Efficiency for Heat Engines.

Physical review letters·2016
Same author

Quantum Statistical Mechanical Derivation of the Second Law of Thermodynamics: A Hybrid Setting Approach.

Physical review letters·2016

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 15, 2026

Sputter Growth and Characterization of Metamagnetic B2-ordered FeRh Epilayers
12:20

Sputter Growth and Characterization of Metamagnetic B2-ordered FeRh Epilayers

Published on: October 5, 2013

Metallic ferromagnetism in the Hubbard model: a rigorous example.

Akinori Tanaka1, Hal Tasaki

  • 1Department of General Education, Ariake National College of Technology, Omuta, Fukuoka 836-8585, Japan. akinori@ariake-nct.ac.jp

Physical Review Letters
|May 16, 2007
PubMed
Summary

This study demonstrates metallic ferromagnetism in a Hubbard model, proving ground states are both ferromagnetic and conducting. This finding advances understanding of correlated electron systems.

More Related Videos

Methods of Ex Situ and In Situ Investigations of Structural Transformations: The Case of Crystallization of Metallic Glasses
08:55

Methods of Ex Situ and In Situ Investigations of Structural Transformations: The Case of Crystallization of Metallic Glasses

Published on: June 7, 2018

Magnetometric Characterization of Intermediates in the Solid-State Electrochemistry of Redox-Active Metal-Organic Frameworks
06:53

Magnetometric Characterization of Intermediates in the Solid-State Electrochemistry of Redox-Active Metal-Organic Frameworks

Published on: June 9, 2023

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 15, 2026

Sputter Growth and Characterization of Metamagnetic B2-ordered FeRh Epilayers
12:20

Sputter Growth and Characterization of Metamagnetic B2-ordered FeRh Epilayers

Published on: October 5, 2013

Methods of Ex Situ and In Situ Investigations of Structural Transformations: The Case of Crystallization of Metallic Glasses
08:55

Methods of Ex Situ and In Situ Investigations of Structural Transformations: The Case of Crystallization of Metallic Glasses

Published on: June 7, 2018

Magnetometric Characterization of Intermediates in the Solid-State Electrochemistry of Redox-Active Metal-Organic Frameworks
06:53

Magnetometric Characterization of Intermediates in the Solid-State Electrochemistry of Redox-Active Metal-Organic Frameworks

Published on: June 9, 2023

Area of Science:

  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Quantum Mechanics

Background:

  • The Hubbard model is a fundamental model in condensed matter physics describing interacting electrons in a lattice.
  • Metallic ferromagnetism, where a material is both conductive and magnetic, is a key phenomenon with technological applications.
  • Previous theoretical models have struggled to rigorously demonstrate metallic ferromagnetism within the standard Hubbard model framework.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present the first rigorous theoretical example of metallic ferromagnetism in the Hubbard model.
  • To investigate the conditions under which the Hubbard model exhibits both conducting and ferromagnetic properties simultaneously.
  • To provide a mathematical proof for the nature of ground states in a specific limit of the Hubbard model.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of a genuine Hubbard model with short-range hopping and on-site Coulomb repulsion.
  • Consideration of the model with multiple single-electron bands.
  • Mathematical proof in the limit of infinite band gap and Coulomb repulsion.

Main Results:

  • The Hubbard model rigorously demonstrated metallic ferromagnetism.
  • Ground states were proven to be completely ferromagnetic.
  • Ground states were also proven to be conducting simultaneously.

Conclusions:

  • The study establishes a concrete theoretical basis for metallic ferromagnetism in the Hubbard model.
  • This work opens new avenues for exploring correlated electron systems with combined magnetic and electronic properties.
  • The findings have implications for the design of novel magnetic and electronic materials.