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Enhanced harmonic generation from expanding clusters.

B Shim1, G Hays, R Zgadzaj

  • 1FOCUS Center, Department of Physics, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712-1081, USA.

Physical Review Letters
|May 16, 2007
PubMed
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Controlled enhancement of optical third harmonic generation (THG) was achieved in noble-gas clusters. This phenomenon, driven by cluster expansion and optimized nonlinear susceptibility, offers potential for soft-X-ray harmonic generation.

Area of Science:

  • Atomic, Molecular, and Optical Physics
  • Plasma Physics
  • Nonlinear Optics

Background:

  • Ultrashort laser pulses interacting with noble-gas clusters can induce complex dynamics.
  • Third harmonic generation (THG) is a nonlinear optical process sensitive to the properties of the interacting medium.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate and control the enhancement of optical third harmonic generation (THG) from expanding noble-gas clusters.
  • To understand the underlying mechanisms responsible for THG enhancement in this system.

Main Methods:

  • Controlled experiments involving ultrashort laser pulses to ionize and heat noble-gas clusters.
  • Time-resolved measurements of third harmonic generation (THG) with varying pump-probe polarizations.
  • Computational simulations to model cluster expansion and nonlinear optical properties.

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Main Results:

  • Observed controlled enhancement of THG from hydrodynamically expanding noble-gas clusters.
  • Demonstrated pronounced enhancement for orthogonal pump-probe polarizations compared to parallel.
  • Simulations indicated simultaneous optimization of nonlinear susceptibility (chi(3)) and coherence length.

Conclusions:

  • The observed THG enhancement is attributed to a dual mechanism involving optimized nonlinear susceptibility and coherence length during cluster expansion.
  • The findings suggest potential scalability to relativistic probe intensities for generating high-order harmonics in the soft-X-ray regime.