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Tensor forces and the ground-state structure of nuclei.

R Schiavilla1, R B Wiringa, Steven C Pieper

  • 1Jefferson Laboratory, Newport News, VA 23606, USA.

Physical Review Letters
|May 16, 2007
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Realistic nuclear potentials reveal distinct momentum distributions for neutron-proton (np) and proton-proton (pp) pairs in light nuclei. The np pair momentum distribution is significantly larger than pp pairs due to the tensor force.

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Area of Science:

  • Nuclear Physics
  • Quantum Chromodynamics
  • Computational Physics

Background:

  • Understanding nuclear structure and dynamics requires accurate descriptions of nucleon interactions.
  • Realistic nucleon-nucleon potentials, including two- and three-nucleon forces, are crucial for modeling light nuclei.
  • Momentum distributions provide insights into nucleon correlations within nuclei.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To calculate two-nucleon momentum distributions for light nuclei (A ≤ 8).
  • To investigate the role of realistic nucleon potentials, specifically tensor components, in shaping these distributions.
  • To compare the momentum distributions of neutron-proton (np) and proton-proton (pp) pairs.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized variational Monte Carlo (VMC) wave functions derived from a realistic Hamiltonian.
  • Employed two- and three-nucleon potentials in the calculations.
  • Analyzed momentum distributions for np and pp pairs across various relative momentum ranges.

Main Results:

  • A significantly larger momentum distribution for np pairs compared to pp pairs was observed for relative momenta between 300-600 MeV/c at vanishing total momentum.
  • This difference was found to be universal across all considered light nuclei.
  • The tensor component of the nucleon-nucleon potential was identified as the primary cause for this disparity, favoring deuteronlike states for np pairs and 1S0 states for pp pairs.

Conclusions:

  • The tensor force in realistic potentials plays a critical role in the structure of np pairs, leading to their distinct momentum distributions.
  • The findings suggest that these observable differences in np and pp pair momentum distributions can be experimentally verified through two-nucleon knockout reactions.
  • The study highlights the importance of incorporating tensor forces for a comprehensive understanding of nuclear structure and dynamics.