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Autistic traits in a population-based ADHD twin sample.

Angela M Reiersen1, John N Constantino, Heather E Volk

  • 1Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110-1093, USA. reiersea@psychiatry.wustl.edu

Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, and Allied Disciplines
|May 16, 2007
PubMed
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Children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) show higher levels of autistic traits, even in the general population. This suggests a significant overlap between ADHD and autism spectrum disorder traits.

Area of Science:

  • Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
  • Neurodevelopmental Disorders
  • Behavioral Genetics

Background:

  • Diagnostic systems often preclude co-occurring autism and ADHD diagnoses.
  • Previous clinic-based studies indicated frequent autistic symptoms in children with ADHD, but were limited by referral bias.
  • This research investigates autistic traits in children with ADHD from a general twin population sample.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the prevalence and significance of autistic traits in children diagnosed with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) using population-based data.
  • To examine the relationship between specific ADHD subtypes and the manifestation of autistic traits.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized data from 946 twins identified via Missouri birth records.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Assigned DSM-IV ADHD diagnoses and defined seven population-derived ADHD subtypes using latent class analysis of ADHD symptoms.
  • Employed the Social Responsiveness Scale (SRS) to quantify autistic traits and linear regression to compare SRS scores across diagnostic groups.

    • Main Results:

    • Children with DSM-IV predominantly inattentive and combined ADHD subtypes exhibited significantly higher mean SRS scores compared to those without ADHD.
    • Five population-derived ADHD subtypes demonstrated significantly elevated mean SRS scores relative to a low-symptom ADHD group.
    • The DSM-IV combined subtype and a severe combined population-derived subtype showed the highest mean SRS scores across all autism symptom domains, with many individuals scoring in the clinically significant range.

    Conclusions:

    • This study offers population-based evidence of clinically significant autistic traits in children meeting ADHD diagnostic criteria.
    • Findings highlight the need to consider the co-occurrence of ADHD and autistic traits in research and clinical practice.
    • Results have implications for the design and interpretation of studies focusing on both ADHD and autism spectrum disorder.