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Surprisingly complex T-box gene complement in diploblastic metazoans.

Atsuko Yamada1, Kevin Pang, Mark Q Martindale

  • 1Department of Natural History Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Hokkaido University, Kita 10 Nishi 8, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan. atsukoy@bio.sci.hokudai.ac.jp

Evolution & Development
|May 16, 2007
PubMed
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Ctenophores and cnidarians, early animals, possess complex T-box genes. This suggests a sophisticated gene set in the last common ancestor of all eumetazoans.

Area of Science:

  • Evolutionary developmental biology
  • Comparative genomics
  • Animal evolution

Background:

  • Ctenophores and cnidarians are ancient diploblastic metazoans.
  • Both groups lack mesodermal germ layer derivatives.
  • Ctenophores exhibit contractile cells, hinting at complex developmental pathways.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Investigate T-box gene complements in diploblastic animals.
  • Understand the evolutionary history of T-box genes.
  • Elucidate the role of T-box genes in early animal development.

Main Methods:

  • Cloning and expression analysis of T-box genes in Mnemiopsis leidyi.
  • Phylogenetic analyses of T-box gene families.
  • Genome-wide searches for T-box genes in Nematostella vectensis.

Related Experiment Videos

Main Results:

  • Identified five T-box genes in Mnemiopsis leidyi, belonging to three subfamilies.
  • Phylogenetic analysis revealed conserved T-box subfamilies in ctenophores and cnidarians.
  • Nematostella vectensis possesses at least 13 T-box genes across six distinct groups.

Conclusions:

  • The common ancestor of eumetazoans had a complex repertoire of T-box genes.
  • T-box gene complexity predates the evolution of triploblastic animals.
  • Specific T-box subfamilies may have emerged during triploblastic evolution.