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Related Concept Videos

Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Instrumentation01:26

Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Instrumentation

Inductively coupled plasma (ICP) is the common plasma source used in atomic emission spectroscopy (AES), a technique that detects and analyzes various elements in a sample. This method is often called inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES).
There are three main types of inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy  (ICP-AES) instruments: sequential, simultaneous multichannel, and Fourier transform instruments, with the latter being less commonly used.
Tandem Mass Spectrometry01:21

Tandem Mass Spectrometry

Tandem mass spectrometry is a technique that uses multiple mass analyzers in series to obtain a higher selectivity and reduce chemical noise during analyte detection. Instruments with multiple analyzers separated by an interaction cell enable secondary fragmentation and selected study of the fragment ions.Secondary fragmentations occur in the interaction cell and can be induced by various factors. Fragmentation induced by collision with inert gases, such as N2, Ar, He, etc., is called...
Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Instrumentation01:22

Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Instrumentation

The instrumentation of atomic emission spectrometry (AES) involves various components, including atomization devices that convert samples into gas-phase atoms and ions. There are two main types of atomization devices: continuous and discrete atomizers.  Continuous atomizers, like plasmas and flames, introduce samples in a constant stream, while discrete atomizers inject individual samples using syringes or autosamplers. The most common discrete atomizer is the electrothermal atomizer.
Mass Analyzers: Common Types01:19

Mass Analyzers: Common Types

The quadrupole mass analyzer consists of four cylindrical metal rods arranged in a diamond carrying a DC voltage and a radio-frequency AC voltage. The motion of ions through the quadrupole depends on the field strength, causing only ions of a certain m/z to resonate successfully and strike the detector at a given field strength. Though the transmission rate for these analyzers is high, the exact elemental composition of the sample is not determined because of low resolution; however, they are...
Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy: Instrumentation01:22

Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy: Instrumentation

An atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS) comprises several components: a radiation source, an atomizer, a monochromator, and a detector. The radiation source can be a hollow-cathode lamp (HCL) or an electrodeless-discharge lamp (EDL), both of which provide a narrow emission line of the required wavelength. However, some instruments use continuum sources and high-resolution monochromators to achieve a narrow range of radiation.
The atomizer used in AAS can be either a flame atomizer or an...
Electron Microscope Tomography and Single-particle Reconstruction01:07

Electron Microscope Tomography and Single-particle Reconstruction

Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) can be used to determine the 3D structure of biological samples with the help of techniques such as electron microscope tomography and single-particle reconstruction. While single-particle reconstruction can examine macromolecules and macromolecular complexes in vitro conditions only, tomography permits the study of cell components or small cells in vivo.
Electron Tomography
Electron tomography can be performed either in TEM or STEM (scanning transmission...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 14, 2026

Quantitative Atomic-Site Analysis of Functional Dopants/Point Defects in Crystalline Materials by Electron-Channeling-Enhanced Microanalysis
07:24

Quantitative Atomic-Site Analysis of Functional Dopants/Point Defects in Crystalline Materials by Electron-Channeling-Enhanced Microanalysis

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New developments for an electron impact (e,2e)(e,3e) spectrometer with multiangle collection and multicoincidence

F Catoire1, E M Staicu-Casagrande, A Lahmam-Bennani

  • 1Laboratoire des Collisions Atomiques et Moléculaires UMR 8625 and Fédération Lumière Matière, Bâtiment 351, Université de Paris-Sud XI, Orsay Cedex, France. fabrice.catoire@u-psud.fr

The Review of Scientific Instruments
|May 17, 2007
PubMed
Summary

Researchers enhanced an electron spectrometer for triple coincidence detection in electron impact double ionization experiments. This upgrade significantly improves sensitivity for studying electron scattering and ejected electron dynamics.

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Experimental Methods for Spin- and Angle-Resolved Photoemission Spectroscopy Combined with Polarization-Variable Laser
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Experimental Methods for Spin- and Angle-Resolved Photoemission Spectroscopy Combined with Polarization-Variable Laser

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Last Updated: Jul 14, 2026

Quantitative Atomic-Site Analysis of Functional Dopants/Point Defects in Crystalline Materials by Electron-Channeling-Enhanced Microanalysis
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Published on: May 10, 2021

Experimental Methods for Spin- and Angle-Resolved Photoemission Spectroscopy Combined with Polarization-Variable Laser
09:00

Experimental Methods for Spin- and Angle-Resolved Photoemission Spectroscopy Combined with Polarization-Variable Laser

Published on: June 28, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Atomic and Molecular Physics
  • Quantum Mechanics
  • Spectroscopy

Background:

  • Electron impact ionization is crucial for understanding atomic and molecular processes.
  • Previous spectrometers had limitations in detecting multiple electrons simultaneously.
  • High-resolution coincidence spectroscopy is essential for detailed reaction mechanism studies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To enhance the capabilities and sensitivity of the (e,2e)(e,3e) multicoincidence spectrometer at Orsay University.
  • To enable new classes of experiments previously not feasible due to sensitivity limitations.
  • To improve the detection of three electrons in the final state of electron impact double ionization.

Main Methods:

  • Addition of a third multiangle detection channel for the scattered electron.
  • Integration of three toroidal electron analyzers with position-sensitive detectors.
  • Comprehensive measurement of angular and energy distributions for ejected and scattered electrons.

Main Results:

  • Achieved triple coincidence detection of three electrons in electron impact double ionization.
  • Significant gain in spectrometer sensitivity (approximately 25-fold).
  • Enabled measurements over nearly the entire collision plane and forward scattering angles.

Conclusions:

  • The upgraded spectrometer uniquely combines three toroidal analyzers for advanced coincidence measurements.
  • The enhanced sensitivity opens up new experimental possibilities in electron-atom/molecule interactions.
  • The system's performance is validated by (e,2e) and (e,3e) experiments on rare gases.