Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

T Cell Types and Functions

T Cell Types and Functions

When T cells with CD4 markers are activated, they give rise to two types of effector cells: helper T cells and regulatory T cells. Meanwhile, T cells with CD8 markers differentiate into effector cytotoxic T cells. The differentiation of CD4 T cells into helper T cell subsets, such as Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells, is dependent on the antigen type, antigen-presenting cell, and regulatory cytokines.
Th1 cells stimulate dendritic cells to express necessary co-stimulatory molecules on their surfaces for...

Inflammation

Inflammation

Acute Inflammation I: Inflammatory Response

Acute Inflammation I: Inflammatory Response

Acute inflammation is a rapid, short-lived physiological response to tissue injury or infection, designed to eliminate harmful agents and initiate repair. This tightly regulated process typically lasts from minutes to several days and is triggered by factors such as microbial invasion, physical trauma, or chemical injury.Recognition and Mediator ReleaseThe inflammatory response begins when resident immune cells—such as mast cells, macrophages, and dendritic cells—detect damage-associated...

Inflammatory Response

Inflammatory Response

An inflammatory response is a localized, nonspecific immune reaction that occurs when a tissue is injured. It is characterized by redness, swelling, heat, and pain, which are commonly called the cardinal signs and symptoms of inflammation. Inflammation can sometimes result in a loss of function.
Inflammation can be triggered by various stimuli, such as impact, abrasion, chemical irritation, infections, and extreme hot or cold temperatures. These can damage cells and connective tissue fibers,...

Repressible Operon: trp Operon

Repressible Operon: trp Operon

The trp operon in Escherichia coli exemplifies a repressible operon. It regulates the synthesis of tryptophan through repressor-mediated transcriptional control and attenuation. This dual regulatory mechanism ensures tryptophan biosynthesis occurs only when needed, conserving cellular resources.Structure of the trp OperonThe trp operon consists of five structural genes (trpE, trpD, trpC, trpB, and trpA) that encode enzymes for tryptophan biosynthesis. These genes are transcribed as a single...

Structural Protein Function

Structural Protein Function

Structural proteins are a category of proteins responsible for functions ranging from cell shape and movement to providing support to major structures such as bones, cartilage, hair, and muscles. This group includes proteins such as collagen, actin, myosin, and keratin.
Collagen, the most abundant protein in mammals, is found throughout the body. In connective tissue, such as skin, ligaments, and tendons, it provides tensile strength and elasticity. In bones and teeth, it mineralizes to form...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Using actigraphy to evaluate physical activity in patients with pleural effusion: a pilot study.

Journal of thoracic disease·2026

Same author

Airway secretory cells contain both a perinuclear Golgi ribbon and dispersed Golgi satellites.

American journal of respiratory cell and molecular biology·2026

Same author

Correction: Bronchoalveolar lavage cell percentages as diagnostic markers of immune checkpoint inhibitor pneumonitis.

Frontiers in medicine·2025

Same author

Bronchoalveolar lavage cell percentages as diagnostic markers of immune checkpoint inhibitor pneumonitis.

Frontiers in medicine·2025

Same author

Gravity- vs Wall Suction-Driven Large-Volume Thoracentesis: A Randomized Controlled Study.

Chest·2024

Same author

Interstitial lung abnormalities after hospitalization for COVID-19 in patients with cancer: A prospective cohort study.

Cancer medicine·2023

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 14, 2026

Investigating Mast Cell Secretory Granules; from Biosynthesis to Exocytosis

Investigating Mast Cell Secretory Granules; from Biosynthesis to Exocytosis

Published on: January 26, 2015

Mast cell-restricted tryptases: structure and function in inflammation and pathogen defense.

H Patrick McNeil¹, Roberto Adachi, Richard L Stevens

¹Department of Rheumatology, Liverpool Hospital and South Western Sydney Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia, 2052. p.mcneil@unsw.edu.au

The Journal of Biological Chemistry

|May 17, 2007

Summary

Mast cells (MCs) are ancient immune cells crucial for survival, despite roles in inflammation. Their unique tryptase enzymes are vital for host defense against pathogens.

More Related Videos

PCR Mutagenesis, Cloning, Expression, Fast Protein Purification Protocols and Crystallization of the Wild Type and Mutant Forms of Tryptophan Synthase

PCR Mutagenesis, Cloning, Expression, Fast Protein Purification Protocols and Crystallization of the Wild Type and Mutant Forms of Tryptophan Synthase

Published on: September 26, 2020

Analyzing the Functions of Mast Cells In Vivo Using 'Mast Cell Knock-in' Mice

Analyzing the Functions of Mast Cells In Vivo Using 'Mast Cell Knock-in' Mice

Published on: May 27, 2015

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 14, 2026

Investigating Mast Cell Secretory Granules; from Biosynthesis to Exocytosis

Investigating Mast Cell Secretory Granules; from Biosynthesis to Exocytosis

Published on: January 26, 2015

PCR Mutagenesis, Cloning, Expression, Fast Protein Purification Protocols and Crystallization of the Wild Type and Mutant Forms of Tryptophan Synthase

PCR Mutagenesis, Cloning, Expression, Fast Protein Purification Protocols and Crystallization of the Wild Type and Mutant Forms of Tryptophan Synthase

Published on: September 26, 2020

Analyzing the Functions of Mast Cells In Vivo Using 'Mast Cell Knock-in' Mice

Analyzing the Functions of Mast Cells In Vivo Using 'Mast Cell Knock-in' Mice

Published on: May 27, 2015

Area of Science:

Immunology
Cell Biology
Evolutionary Biology

Background:

Mast cells (MCs) are ancient immune cells conserved across species, predating adaptive immunity.
Their persistence suggests critical survival functions, despite involvement in inflammatory disorders.
MCs reside at host-environment interfaces, indicating roles in pathogen defense.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the structure and function of mast cell tryptases.
To explore the role of MC tryptases in inflammation and host defense against infectious organisms.

Main Methods:

Review of recent scientific literature on mast cell tryptases.
Analysis of the evolutionary conservation and functional roles of MC tryptases.

Main Results:

MCs express lineage-restricted neutral proteases, including specific tryptases.
These enzymes are potentially conserved for combating infectious agents.
Recent insights highlight their function in inflammation and host defense.

Conclusions:

Mast cell tryptases play a significant role in host defense mechanisms.
Their evolutionary conservation underscores their importance in combating infections.
Further research into MC tryptases can illuminate host-pathogen interactions.