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Preparation of Samples for Electron Microscopy01:20

Preparation of Samples for Electron Microscopy

To be visualized by an electron microscope, either transmission or scanning, biological samples need to be fixed (stabilized) so the electron beam does not destroy them and dried thoroughly (desiccated/dehydrated) so the vacuum does not affect them. Fixation needs to be done as quickly as possible because the sample properties will start changing as soon as it is removed from its natural environment. For example, in a tissue sample, the oxygen levels begin decreasing, causing an altered...

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Testing differences in methods of preparing moss samples.

J R Aboal1, J A Fernández, J A Couto

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Different moss sample preparation methods yield significantly different elemental concentrations. Standardization of techniques like freezing, drying, and acclimatization is crucial for accurate biomonitoring results and valid comparisons.

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Science
  • Biomonitoring
  • Analytical Chemistry

Background:

  • Mosses are widely used in biomonitoring for elemental analysis.
  • Various sample preparation techniques exist, but their comparative impact is unstudied.
  • Standardization is needed for reliable biomonitoring data.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate if different moss sample preparation methods (freezing, drying, acclimatization) yield different elemental concentrations.
  • To assess the influence of contamination levels and sampling time on results.
  • To provide recommendations for standardized moss sample preparation.

Main Methods:

  • Comparison of three preparation procedures: freezing, drying, and acclimatization.
  • Analysis of elemental concentrations (Al, As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Hg, K, Ni, Pb, Se, V, Zn).
  • Consideration of site contamination and seasonal variations.

Main Results:

  • Significant differences in concentrations of all tested elements were found across preparation methods.
  • Elemental concentrations varied based on the degree and type of contamination.
  • Seasonal variations also impacted the results.

Conclusions:

  • Moss sample preparation methods significantly affect elemental analysis results.
  • Standardization of preparation techniques is essential for valid comparisons in biomonitoring.
  • Direct field picking and pre-analysis cleaning are recommended.