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Related Experiment Videos

Annotating noncoding RNA genes.

Sam Griffiths-Jones1

  • 1Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, United Kingdom. sam.griffiths-jones@manchester.ac.uk

Annual Review of Genomics and Human Genetics
|May 18, 2007
PubMed
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Discovering noncoding RNA genes in the human genome is crucial. Current methods suggest tens of thousands of these functional RNA genes exist, though their exact number and function remain under investigation.

Area of Science:

  • Genomics
  • Molecular Biology
  • Bioinformatics

Background:

  • Noncoding RNA (ncRNA) genes generate functional RNA molecules, not proteins.
  • Over 1500 known ncRNA homologs and up to 5000 predicted sequences exist in the human genome.
  • High-throughput studies routinely identify transcripts lacking protein-coding potential.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the scale and identification of noncoding RNA genes within the human genome.
  • To assess the current state of methods for whole-genome ncRNA gene prediction.
  • To understand the extent of transcription and functionality of RNAs in the human genome.

Main Methods:

  • Annotation of known ncRNA homologs in the human genome sequence.
  • Homology-based prediction of related RNA sequences.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Analysis of high-throughput transcriptome data.
  • Review of experimental studies on genome-wide transcription.

    • Main Results:

    • Over 1500 known ncRNA homologs are annotated, with homology methods predicting up to 5000 related sequences.
    • Current whole-genome prediction methods are immature but suggest tens of thousands of ncRNA genes.
    • Transcriptome analyses frequently discover non-protein-coding transcripts.
    • Evidence indicates vast genomic transcription, but the functionality of most RNAs is undetermined.

    Conclusions:

    • The human genome likely harbors tens of thousands of noncoding RNA genes.
    • Further development of prediction methods is needed for accurate whole-genome ncRNA identification.
    • While much of the genome is transcribed, the functional significance of the majority of detected RNAs requires further research.