Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Parenteral Anesthetics: Overview01:24

Parenteral Anesthetics: Overview

Intravenous anesthetics are drugs administered parenterally to induce anesthesia or sedation. Propofol is a widely used agent formulated as a 1% emulsion in soybean oil, glycerol, and egg phosphatide. It induces rapid anesthesia primarily due to its rapid distribution from the bloodstream to target tissues and is metabolized in the liver. However, it can cause significant pain on injection and hypertriglyceridemia. Fospropofol, a water-based prodrug of propofol, lacks these adverse effects.
General Anesthesia: Overview01:24

General Anesthesia: Overview

Anesthesia is a medical procedure that uses drugs for CNS suppression to enable painless surgeries and procedures. The selection of anesthetics is influenced by their pharmacokinetic properties, side effects, and patient characteristics. Various types of anesthesia include general, local, regional, spinal, and inhalational.
General anesthesia induces unconsciousness in the whole body, while the others target specific areas or sensations. It is administered to minimize adverse effects, maintain...
Stages of General Anesthesia01:22

Stages of General Anesthesia

Various sedation levels offer significant advantages in facilitating procedural interventions for patients undergoing medical or invasive surgical procedures. These levels span from anxiolysis to general anesthesia, providing a spectrum of sedative effects to cater to specific patient needs. Anxiolysis reduces anxiety and is achieved through minimal sedation, enabling patients to remain awake and responsive while feeling more at ease during the procedure. This level can benefit minor...
Sedatives and Hypnotics Drugs: Benzodiazepines01:19

Sedatives and Hypnotics Drugs: Benzodiazepines

Benzodiazepines have both sedative and hypnotic properties. They include compounds such as diazepam (Valium) and alprazolam (Xanax). Structurally, their cores are similar, consisting of the fusion of a benzene ring and a diazepine ring, but they share a common mechanism of action in the central nervous system (CNS).
Benzodiazepines work by enhancing the effects of the inhibitory neurotransmitter GABA. They bind to the GABAA receptor, increasing its affinity for GABA, which opens chloride...
Sedatives and Hypnotics Drugs: Barbiturates01:20

Sedatives and Hypnotics Drugs: Barbiturates

Sedatives and hypnotics encompass a drug class that acts on the central nervous system (CNS) to alleviate anxiety, promote relaxation and induce sleep.These drugs function by amplifying the actions of the neurotransmitter γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), resulting in reduced neuronal activity. Barbiturates, a subset of sedatives and hypnotics first synthesized in the late 1800s, are categorized into ultra-short, short, intermediate, and long-acting groups based on their duration of effect. A key...
Inhalational Anesthetics: Overview01:20

Inhalational Anesthetics: Overview

Inhalation anesthetics are drugs that induce general anesthesia upon inhalation. They work by increasing the sensitivity of GABAA receptors or inhibiting NMDA receptors, leading to a decrease in central nervous system activity. The depth of anesthesia can be rapidly adjusted by changing the concentration of the inhaled gas. Some common examples of inhalational anesthetics include volatile liquids like isoflurane, desflurane, sevoflurane and gases like xenon and nitrous oxide. Isoflurane, a...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Effects of dexmedetomidine on conditioned pain modulation in humans.

European journal of pain (London, England)·2012
Same author

Blood loss and endocrine responses in hypotensive anaesthesia with sodium nitroprusside and nitroglycerin for mandibular osteotomy.

International journal of oral and maxillofacial surgery·2009
Same author

Structural and functional analysis of the apoptosis-associated tyrosine kinase (AATYK) family.

Neuroscience·2007
Same author

Delirium during intravenous sedation with midazolam alone and with propofol in dental treatment.

Anesthesia progress·2006
Same author

Tracheal intubation using a new CCD camera-equipped device: a report of two cases with a difficult intubation.

Acta anaesthesiologica Scandinavica·2005
Same author

Application of a mandibular nerve block using an indwelling catheter for intractable cancer pain.

Acta anaesthesiologica Scandinavica·2004

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 14, 2026

Recording Brain Electromagnetic Activity During the Administration of the Gaseous Anesthetic Agents Xenon and Nitrous Oxide in Healthy Volunteers
14:52

Recording Brain Electromagnetic Activity During the Administration of the Gaseous Anesthetic Agents Xenon and Nitrous Oxide in Healthy Volunteers

Published on: January 13, 2018

Haemodynamic changes and heart rate variability during midazolam-propofol co-induction.

Ni Ni Win1, H Kohase, F Yoshikawa

  • 1Section of Anaesthesiology and Clinical Physiology, Department of Oral Restitution, Division of Oral Health Sciences, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan.

Anaesthesia
|May 18, 2007
PubMed
Summary

Midazolam-propofol co-induction in anesthesia demonstrated compensated cardiovascular effects. This combination preserved baroreflex activity, indicated by significant changes in the low frequency/high frequency (LF/HF) ratio.

More Related Videos

Assessing Changes in Volatile General Anesthetic Sensitivity of Mice after Local or Systemic Pharmacological Intervention
08:49

Assessing Changes in Volatile General Anesthetic Sensitivity of Mice after Local or Systemic Pharmacological Intervention

Published on: October 16, 2013

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 14, 2026

Recording Brain Electromagnetic Activity During the Administration of the Gaseous Anesthetic Agents Xenon and Nitrous Oxide in Healthy Volunteers
14:52

Recording Brain Electromagnetic Activity During the Administration of the Gaseous Anesthetic Agents Xenon and Nitrous Oxide in Healthy Volunteers

Published on: January 13, 2018

Assessing Changes in Volatile General Anesthetic Sensitivity of Mice after Local or Systemic Pharmacological Intervention
08:49

Assessing Changes in Volatile General Anesthetic Sensitivity of Mice after Local or Systemic Pharmacological Intervention

Published on: October 16, 2013

Area of Science:

  • Anesthesiology
  • Cardiovascular Physiology
  • Autonomic Nervous System

Background:

  • Anesthesia induction agents impact hemodynamic stability and autonomic nervous system balance.
  • Understanding the cardiovascular effects of co-induction agents is crucial for patient safety.
  • Midazolam and propofol are commonly used anesthetic agents with distinct cardiovascular profiles.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effects of midazolam-propofol co-induction on hemodynamic parameters and heart rate variability.
  • To compare the cardiovascular modulatory effects of midazolam-propofol versus propofol alone during anesthesia induction.
  • To assess the impact on autonomic nervous system balance using spectral analysis of heart rate variability.

Main Methods:

  • Prospective, blind, randomized study involving 40 patients.
  • Measurement of blood pressure, heart rate, stroke volume, and heart rate variability (low frequency, high frequency, total power, LF/HF ratio) using spectral analysis.
  • Data collected at baseline, post-induction, post-intubation, and at 3 and 5 minutes post-intubation.

Main Results:

  • The midazolam-propofol group exhibited compensated hemodynamic changes.
  • Significant increases in the LF/HF ratio were observed in the midazolam-propofol group post-induction and post-intubation.
  • These findings suggest a preserved baroreflex activity and a balanced autonomic response.

Conclusions:

  • Midazolam-propofol co-induction results in compensated cardiovascular adjustments.
  • The combination favorably modulates the cardiovascular system, maintaining autonomic balance.
  • This co-induction strategy may offer advantages in preserving baroreflex sensitivity during anesthesia.