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  • 1Institute of Zoology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, 84506 Bratislava, Slovakia. dusan.zitnan@savba.sk

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Insect ecdysis is a complex hormonal process. Ecdysteroids prime cells, while neuropeptides like corazonin and eclosion hormone (EH) trigger hormone release, controlling the insect molting sequence.

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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Neuroscience
  • Developmental Biology

Background:

  • Insect ecdysis involves intricate hormonal and neural signaling.
  • Peptide hormones from Inka cells and neuropeptides from the CNS orchestrate this process.
  • Ecdysis triggering hormone (ETH) is central to initiating the ecdysis sequence.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the mechanisms controlling insect ecdysis.
  • To understand the roles of ecdysteroids, Inka cells, and CNS neuropeptides in regulating ecdysis behaviors.
  • To detail the sequential activation of pre-ecdysis and ecdysis.

Main Methods:

  • Experimental approaches to study ETH expression and release in moths and flies.
  • Analysis of hormonal and neuropeptidergic signaling pathways.
  • Investigation of receptor-mediated actions in the CNS.

Main Results:

  • High ecdysteroid levels induce ETH receptor expression and ETH production, but inhibit release.
  • Declining ecdysteroids and beta-FTZ-F1 expression enable Inka cell competence for ETH release.
  • Corazonin and EH control ETH secretion, initiating pre-ecdysis and ecdysis, respectively.
  • ETH acts on CNS neurons expressing ETH receptors (ETHR-A/B) to drive ecdysis behaviors.

Conclusions:

  • Insect ecdysis is a two-step process: ecdysteroid-driven receptor/transcription factor expression, followed by hormonal and neuropeptide interactions.
  • This cascade ensures precise temporal control of pre-ecdysis, ecdysis, and post-ecdysis behaviors.
  • Understanding this complex system provides insights into insect development and hormonal regulation.