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Disturbances in Heart Rhythm

Disturbances in Heart Rhythm

Arrhythmia or dysrhythmia refers to an abnormal heart rhythm caused by a defect in the heart's conduction system. It can cause the heart to beat irregularly, too quickly, or too slowly, leading to symptoms like chest pain, shortness of breath, and fainting. Factors such as stress, caffeine, alcohol, nicotine, cocaine, certain drugs, congenital defects, diseases, and electrolyte abnormalities can trigger arrhythmias.
Arrhythmias are categorized by their speed, rhythm, and origin. A slow heart...

Dysrhythmias III: Characteristics of Dysrhythmias

Dysrhythmias III: Characteristics of Dysrhythmias

Dysrhythmias, also known as arrhythmias, are irregular heart rhythms that result from abnormal electrical activity in the heart, affecting its ability to circulate blood efficiently. Tachyarrhythmias, a subset of dysrhythmias, are characterized by abnormally fast heart rates exceeding 100 beats per minute. Here are some types of tachyarrhythmias with their distinct ECG features:Sinus Tachycardia:Sinus tachycardia presents a regular heart rhythm with an increased rate of 101-180 beats per minute.

Dysrhythmias IV: Characteristics of Bradyarrhythmias

Dysrhythmias IV: Characteristics of Bradyarrhythmias

Bradyarrhythmias are cardiac rhythm disorders characterized by a slower-than-normal heart rate, typically defined as fewer than 60 beats per minute. Some of which are discussed here:Sinus BradycardiaSinus bradycardia presents a heart rate lower than 60 beats per minute, with a regular rhythm originating from the SA node. The ECG typically shows normal P waves preceding each QRS complex, a normal PR interval (0.12 to 0.20 seconds), and a normal QRS duration (0.06 to 0.10 seconds).First-Degree AV...

ECG Interpretation of Arrhythmias II: Atrial, Junctional and Ventricular Arrhythmias

ECG Interpretation of Arrhythmias II: Atrial, Junctional and Ventricular Arrhythmias

Arrhythmia is a condition characterized by an irregular heart rhythm, with ECG changes that differ based on its origin and nature. The types of arrhythmias discussed below include atrial, junctional, and ventricular arrhythmias.Atrial ArrhythmiasPremature Atrial Complexes (PACs): PACs are early atrial beats caused by stress, caffeine, alcohol, electrolyte imbalances, hypoxia, hyperthyroidism, or certain medications (e.g., bronchodilators and decongestants). The ECG shows early P waves with an...

Dysrhythmias II: Classification of Tachyarrhythmias

Dysrhythmias II: Classification of Tachyarrhythmias

Tachyarrhythmias are a type of dysrhythmia where the heart rate exceeds 100 beats per minute. Here are some common types of tachyarrhythmias:Sinus TachycardiaSinus tachycardia originates from increased impulses from the sinus node, leading to an elevated heart rate. It is often triggered by stress, fever, or exercise.Patients may experience palpitations, a sensation of a racing heart, dizziness, and chest discomfort.Causes and Risk Factors: Common causes include physical exertion, emotional...

Dysrhythmias V: Evaluating Dysrhythmias

Dysrhythmias V: Evaluating Dysrhythmias

Dysrhythmias, also known as arrhythmias, are disturbances in the heart's rhythm that range from benign to life-threatening. A thorough evaluation is crucial for appropriate management and involves a comprehensive medical history, physical examination, and various diagnostic tests.Medical HistorySymptoms: Collect detailed information on palpitations, dizziness, syncope, chest pain, and fatigue. Note their onset, frequency, and triggers.Previous Cardiac Issues: Document any history of heart...

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Optimization of Transesophageal Atrial Pacing to Assess Atrial Fibrillation Susceptibility in Mice

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Ventricular rate smoothing for atrial fibrillation: a quantitative comparison study.

Jie Lian¹, Dirk Müssig, Volker Lang

¹Applied Clinical Research Department, Micro Systems Engineering, Inc., 6024 SW Jean Road, Lake Oswego, OR 97035, USA. jie.lian@biotronik.com

Europace : European Pacing, Arrhythmias, and Cardiac Electrophysiology : Journal of the Working Groups on Cardiac Pacing, Arrhythmias, and Cardiac Cellular Electrophysiology of the European Society of Cardiology

|May 18, 2007

Summary

Different ventricular pacing (VP) protocols for atrial fibrillation (AF) were compared. The study found that pacing protocols reduce irregular heart rhythms, but the choice of protocol impacts heart rate and pacing percentage.

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Catheter Ablation in Combination With Left Atrial Appendage Closure for Atrial Fibrillation

Published on: February 26, 2013

Area of Science:

Biomedical Engineering
Cardiology
Computational Physiology

Background:

Atrial fibrillation (AF) often leads to irregular ventricular rates.
Ventricular pacing (VP) is used to manage heart rhythm, but its effects on rate smoothing in AF require quantitative comparison.

Purpose of the Study:

To quantitatively compare the ventricular rate-smoothing (VRS) effects of various ventricular pacing (VP) protocols in the context of atrial fibrillation (AF).

Main Methods:

Utilized an open-source simulation model to assess ventricular response in AF with VP.
Evaluated fixed-rate pacing and four VRS algorithms using metrics: mean RR (mRR), RMSSD, VS%, and sRR%.

Main Results:

All pacing protocols reduced RMSSD, VS%, and sRR% compared to spontaneous AF, with rate-dependent effects.
Fixed-rate pacing showed higher sensitivity to intrinsic heart rate than VRS algorithms.
VRS algorithms demonstrated comparable performance, with trade-offs between mRR/VS% and RMSSD/sRR%.

Conclusions:

The impact of VP on ventricular rhythm in AF is influenced by intrinsic rate and pacing protocol aggressiveness.
Effective VRS algorithm operation necessitates adequate rate control.
Selecting a VRS algorithm requires balancing rate regularization benefits against increased heart rate and VP percentage.