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The egg parasitoid Trissolcus basalis uses n-nonadecane, a cuticular hydrocarbon from its stink bug host Nezara

Stefano Colazza1, Gloria Aquila, Claudio De Pasquale

  • 1Department of S.En.Fi.Mi.Zo., Università di Palermo, Palermo, Italy. colazza@unipa.it

Journal of Chemical Ecology
|May 18, 2007
PubMed
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Contact kairomones from southern green stink bugs (Nezara viridula) guide egg parasitoids (Trissolcus basalis). Cuticular lipids, particularly the presence or absence of nC19 alkanes, allow parasitoids to distinguish between male and female hosts.

Area of Science:

  • Chemical Ecology
  • Insect Behavior
  • Pest Management

Background:

  • Southern green stink bugs (Nezara viridula) are significant agricultural pests.
  • Trissolcus basalis is an important egg parasitoid of N. viridula.
  • Understanding host-parasitoid interactions is crucial for biological control.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify contact kairomones from N. viridula that elicit foraging behavior in T. basalis.
  • To investigate gender-specific differences in these kairomones.
  • To elucidate the role of cuticular hydrocarbons in host recognition.

Main Methods:

  • Laboratory experiments using chemical residues and hexane extracts from N. viridula.
  • Analysis of cuticular lipids using gas chromatography.

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  • Direct-contact solid phase microextraction (DC-SPME) to confirm gender-specific differences.
  • Behavioral assays with gravid female T. basalis.

    • Main Results:

    • Contact with N. viridula tarsi and scutella induced foraging in T. basalis.
    • Residues from female stink bugs elicited stronger responses than males.
    • Cuticular lipids, primarily linear alkanes (nC19-nC34), were identified as key components.
    • The presence of nC19 in male cuticular lipids deterred T. basalis, while its absence in females was preferred.
    • A blend of linear alkanes alone was less effective, suggesting other minor components are involved.

    Conclusions:

    • A contact kairomone in N. viridula cuticular lipids guides T. basalis foraging.
    • Gender-specific differences in cuticular hydrocarbons, especially nC19, enable T. basalis to differentiate between male and female hosts.
    • These findings have implications for developing semiochemical-based strategies for biological control of N. viridula.