[Behavioural addiction : an independent diagnostic category?]

Until recently knowledge was limited with respect to clinically relevant excessive reward-seeking behaviour such as pathological gambling, excessive shopping, and excessive working which meet diagnostic criteria of dependent behaviour. To date there is no consistent concept for diagnosis or treatment of excessive reward-seeking behaviour, and its classification is uncertain. However, the high number of subjects seeking treatment emphasises the importance of a clear conceptualisation of the so-called behavioural addictions and their successful treatment. Excessive reward-seeking behaviour may be used to regulate negative emotions. We suggest that, comparable to drug addiction, excessive reward-seeking behaviour can alleviate negative mood states and may be used as an (inadequate) stress coping strategy at the expense of active coping strategies. In the course of a pathological development, behavioural addiction may become the only available behavioural resource to cope with challenging developmental steps or social stress factors such as loneliness or anxiety.