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Related Concept Videos

Allergic Reactions02:06

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Allergic Reactions: Anaphylaxis

Anaphylaxis is a severe, life-threatening hypersensitivity reaction mediated by Immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibodies. When IgE binds to allergens, it triggers the release of mediators– histamine, leukotrienes, and prostaglandins from mast cells and basophils. These mediators cause vasodilation, edema, and inflammation, leading to various symptoms.The primary allergens causing anaphylaxis include food items (e.g., peanuts, shellfish), drugs (e.g., penicillin, asparaginase, corticotropin, heparin),...
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Allergic reactions related to drugs are hypersensitivity responses driven by the immune system and bear no connection to the drug's therapeutic action. While drugs in isolation do not trigger an immune response, they can interact with endogenous proteins to form antigens. These antigens stimulate lymphocytes to produce antibodies. IgE-type antibodies attach themselves to mast cells. Upon subsequent exposure to the same stimulus, the antigen-antibody interaction is initiated, unleashing numerous...
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Hypersensitivity, also known as a hypersensitivity reaction or allergic reaction, is a condition where the body's immune system reacts abnormally to a foreign substance. Such substances, that cause hypersensitivity are referred to as an allergen, could be something typically harmless to most people, like pollen or certain foods.
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Drug-related allergies are immune-mediated responses triggered by the administration of pharmacological agents. These hypersensitivity reactions are classified based on the immune mechanisms involved. The four primary types—Type I, II, III, and IV—are mediated by different immunological pathways and exhibit distinct clinical manifestations.Type I Hypersensitivity/ IgE-Mediated Reactions: Immunoglobulin E (IgE) immediately mediates Type I hypersensitivity reactions. Upon initial exposure to a...

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Basophil Activation Test for Allergy Diagnosis
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[Allergy to cashew nuts and peanuts].

H de Groot1

  • 1Erasmus MC. h.degroot@erasmusmc.nl

Nederlands Tijdschrift Voor Geneeskunde
|May 19, 2007
PubMed
Summary

Anaphylaxis from cashew nut ingestion is increasingly reported in children. Diagnosis involves food history, allergy tests, and potentially food challenges, with management focused on avoidance and emergency adrenaline.

Area of Science:

  • Food allergy research
  • Clinical immunology
  • Pediatric allergy

Background:

  • Peanut allergy is a well-known severe condition.
  • Cashew nut allergy is an emerging concern with increasing patient reports.

Observation:

  • Three children presented with allergic symptoms including upper airway, conjunctival, and eczema.
  • Two children were diagnosed with cashew nut allergy, and one with peanut allergy.

Findings:

  • Diagnosis of cashew nut allergy is typically achieved through detailed food history and specific IgE testing (serology or skin prick tests).
  • Food provocation tests may be required to confirm clinical relevance of cashew sensitization.
  • Three major cashew nut allergens (Anacardium occidentale) have been identified and purified.

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Implications:

  • Early diagnosis and management of cashew nut allergy are crucial for preventing severe reactions.
  • Dietary advice and provision of adrenaline auto-injectors are key components of cashew allergy management.
  • Further research into cashew allergens can aid in developing better diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.