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Updated: Jul 14, 2026

Home-Based Prescribed Pulmonary Exercise in Patients with Stable Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Published on: August 24, 2019
Reliability and validity of the Exercise Self-Regulatory Efficacy Scale for individuals with chronic obstructive
Amy H T Davis1, Aurelio José Figueredo, Bonnie F Fahy
1College of Nursing, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721-0203, USA.
Background:
Exercise has important benefits for individuals with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). However, to sustain long-term benefits of exercise, adherence is needed. Adherence requires self-regulation. No scale is available to measure exercise self-regulation in individuals with COPD.
Objectives:
We developed and tested the reliability and validity of an "Exercise Self-Regulatory Efficacy Scale (Ex-SRES)" for individuals with COPD.
Methods:
A convenience sample of 109 subjects with COPD was recruited. Cronbach's alpha was used to assess the internal consistency reliability of the Ex-SRES. Subjects' exercise behaviors and health status were used to assess the validity of the Ex-SRES.
Results:
The Ex-SRES demonstrated evidence of reliability (Cronbach's alpha .917) and validity (correlation with minutes of exercise per week [r = .41; P < .0001] and health status [r = .37; P < .0001]).
Conclusion:
The Ex-SRES is a short (16-items) and easy to use questionnaire that may be valuable for assessing patients in clinical settings, as well as for future research studies in behaviors related to exercise.
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Exercise Stress Test
Exercise stress testing, commonly known as a treadmill test, is a noninvasive procedure used to evaluate cardiovascular function and diagnose heart conditions.
Definition
An exercise stress test measures the heart's response to exertion using a treadmill or stationary bicycle. Chest electrodes record the heart's electrical activity through an ECG, and blood pressure is monitored regularly.
Purposes
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Pulmonary Function Tests are crucial diagnostic tools for assessing respiratory function, particularly in patients with chronic respiratory disorders. They comprehensively evaluate lung volumes, ventilatory function, breathing mechanics, diffusion, and gas exchange. These tests help diagnose pulmonary diseases and play a significant role in monitoring disease progression, evaluating disability, and assessing response to therapy.
PFTs involve using a spirometer, a...
Self-Regulation