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Related Concept Videos

Longitudinal Research02:20

Longitudinal Research

Sometimes we want to see how people change over time, as in studies of human development and lifespan. When we test the same group of individuals repeatedly over an extended period of time, we are conducting longitudinal research. Longitudinal research is a research design in which data-gathering is administered repeatedly over an extended period of time. For example, we may survey a group of individuals about their dietary habits at age 20, retest them a decade later at age 30, and then again...
Statistical Methods for Analyzing Epidemiological Data01:25

Statistical Methods for Analyzing Epidemiological Data

Epidemiological data primarily involves information on specific populations' occurrence, distribution, and determinants of health and diseases. This data is crucial for understanding disease patterns and impacts, aiding public health decision-making and disease prevention strategies. The analysis of epidemiological data employs various statistical methods to interpret health-related data effectively. Here are some commonly used methods:
Observational Studies01:11

Observational Studies

Observational studies are a type of analytical study where researchers observe events without any interventions. In other words, the researcher does not influence the response variable or the experiment's outcome.
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Prospective Study
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Data Collection by Observations01:08

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Analysis of population pharmacokinetic data involves studying the behavior of drugs within diverse populations to understand their pharmacokinetic parameters. Traditional pharmacokinetic methods typically involve collecting samples from a few individuals and estimating these parameters. While these methods are commonly used, they have limitations in capturing the variability in drug response among individuals or heterogeneous populations. Population pharmacokinetics is employed to address these...
Bias in Epidemiological Studies01:29

Bias in Epidemiological Studies

Biases can arise at various stages of research, from study design and data collection to analysis and interpretation. Recognizing and addressing these biases is essential to ensure the validity and reliability of epidemiological findings.Broadly speaking, biases in epidemiology fall into three main categories: selection bias, information bias, and confounding. A more detailed description of possible biases is:

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Updated: Jul 14, 2026

Electroencephalographic, Heart Rate, and Galvanic Skin Response Assessment for an Advertising Perception Study: Application to Antismoking Public Service Announcements
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Electroencephalographic, Heart Rate, and Galvanic Skin Response Assessment for an Advertising Perception Study: Application to Antismoking Public Service Announcements

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Non-smokers' responses when smokers light up: a population-based study.

Daniella Germain1, Melanie Wakefield, Sarah Durkin

  • 1Centre for Behavioural Research in Cancer, Cancer Control Research Institute, The Cancer Council Victoria, 1 Rathdowne Street, Carlton Victoria 3053, Australia.

Preventive Medicine
|May 19, 2007
PubMed
Summary

Most non-smokers avoid confronting smokers, preferring to move away rather than ask them to stop. This highlights the need for comprehensive smoke-free policies to protect public health.

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Last Updated: Jul 14, 2026

Electroencephalographic, Heart Rate, and Galvanic Skin Response Assessment for an Advertising Perception Study: Application to Antismoking Public Service Announcements
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Impact Assessment of Repeated Exposure of Organotypic 3D Bronchial and Nasal Tissue Culture Models to Whole Cigarette Smoke
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Impact Assessment of Repeated Exposure of Organotypic 3D Bronchial and Nasal Tissue Culture Models to Whole Cigarette Smoke

Published on: February 12, 2015

Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Social Science
  • Tobacco Control

Background:

  • Non-smokers often rely on the 'common courtesy approach' when exposed to second-hand smoke.
  • Victoria, Australia has comprehensive restrictions on smoking in public places.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the prevalence of the 'common courtesy approach' among non-smokers in Victoria, Australia.
  • To understand non-smokers' behaviors and preferences when encountering smokers in public settings.

Main Methods:

  • Telephone-administered surveys of 4,765 randomly sampled Victorians aged 18+.
  • Data collected across two representative population surveys in 2004 and 2005.

Main Results:

  • Only 5.5% of non-smokers would ask smokers to stop.
  • A significant majority (74.7%) would move away, and 16.4% would do nothing.
  • 46.7% of non-smokers would consent to second-hand smoke exposure when asked, indicating a willingness to tolerate exposure.

Conclusions:

  • Non-smokers are unlikely to protect themselves from second-hand smoke exposure through direct confrontation.
  • Findings underscore the critical role of robust smoke-free policies in safeguarding the health of the non-smoker population.