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Related Concept Videos

Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy01:30

Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy

Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy, also known as CRRT, is a procedural treatment for acute kidney injury (AKI) that gradually removes uremic toxins and fluids while maintaining acid-base balance and stabilizing electrolytes. It is particularly useful for hemodynamically unstable patients. Unlike intermittent hemodialysis, which is faster, CRRT provides a gentler approach over 24 hours, closely mimicking the function of natural kidneys. However, CRRT is not ideal for patients with...
Extracorporeal Removal of Drugs: Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy01:26

Extracorporeal Removal of Drugs: Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy

Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy (CRRT) is an essential intervention for patients experiencing severe kidney dysfunction. This therapy offers a continuous mechanism for removing fluids and toxins from the bloodstream, leveraging the patient’s blood pressure to facilitate filtration through a specialized filter. This method contrasts with intermittent dialysis, providing a gentler and more consistent removal of waste products and excess fluid, which is particularly beneficial in critically...
Peritoneal Dialysis II: Peritoneal Dialysis Systems and Complications01:25

Peritoneal Dialysis II: Peritoneal Dialysis Systems and Complications

Peritoneal dialysis (PD) is a medical process that removes waste products and excess fluid from the body using the peritoneal membrane as a natural filter.Peritoneal Dialysis MethodsSeveral methods can be used for peritoneal dialysis, including Acute Intermittent Peritoneal Dialysis, Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis, and Automated Peritoneal Dialysis, also known as Continuous Cyclic Peritoneal Dialysis.Acute Intermittent Peritoneal Dialysis (AIPD) is used for patients with uremic...
Peritoneal Dialysis I: Introduction and Procedure01:30

Peritoneal Dialysis I: Introduction and Procedure

Peritoneal dialysis (PD) is a procedure that facilitates the exchange of solutes, waste products, electrolytes, and excess fluid between the blood in the peritoneal capillaries and a dialysis solution introduced into the peritoneal cavity.Principles of Peritoneal Dialysis (PD)Diffusion: Waste products such as urea and electrolytes move from high concentrations in the blood to low concentrations in the dialysate across the peritoneal membrane. This mechanism is driven by the concentration...
Hemodialysis II: Procedure and Complications01:24

Hemodialysis II: Procedure and Complications

DialyzersA hemodialysis (HD) dialyzer is a plastic cartridge containing thousands of parallel hollow fibers, which serve as semipermeable membranes. These fibers are typically made from cellulose-based or other synthetic materials. During HD, blood is pumped into the top of the cartridge and distributed among these fibers. Simultaneously, dialysis fluid, known as dialysate, is introduced into the bottom of the cartridge, bathing the outside of the fibers. Across the semipermeable membrane,...
Hemodialysis I: Introduction01:25

Hemodialysis I: Introduction

Hemodialysis (HD) is a medical treatment that artificially removes waste products, excess fluids, and toxins from the blood when the kidneys are no longer able to perform these functions effectively. In this process, blood is filtered through a semipermeable membrane, allowing for the selective removal of waste while preserving necessary components like blood cells and proteins. Hemodialysis is typically performed in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) or severe kidney...

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Correction: Liem et al. High Ocular Disease Burden and Increased Referral Needs in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease: A Step Toward Personalized Care. <i>J. Pers. Med.</i> 2025, <i>15</i>, 204.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 14, 2026

Microdialysis of Excitatory Amino Acids During EEG Recordings in Freely Moving Rats
08:47

Microdialysis of Excitatory Amino Acids During EEG Recordings in Freely Moving Rats

Published on: November 8, 2018

Machine-generated bicarbonate dialysate for continuous therapy: a prospective, observational cohort study.

Boon Wee Teo1, Sevag Demirjian, Kathryn H Meyer

  • 1Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, The Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA.

Nephrology, Dialysis, Transplantation : Official Publication of the European Dialysis and Transplant Association - European Renal Association
|May 19, 2007
PubMed
Summary

Continuous hemodialysis (HD) using a bicarbonate-based fluid is safe and effective for intensive care unit (ICU) patients with acute renal failure (ARF). This method also proved economical, with declining dialysate costs over time.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 14, 2026

Microdialysis of Excitatory Amino Acids During EEG Recordings in Freely Moving Rats
08:47

Microdialysis of Excitatory Amino Acids During EEG Recordings in Freely Moving Rats

Published on: November 8, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Nephrology
  • Intensive Care Medicine
  • Biomedical Engineering

Background:

  • A technique for adapting hemodialysis (HD) machines to produce adjustable bicarbonate-based dialysate for continuous HD in intensive care unit (ICU) patients with acute renal failure (ARF) was previously described.
  • This study evaluates the clinical, biochemical, and economic outcomes of this practice over a decade.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the safety, efficacy, and cost-effectiveness of using a composition-adjustable, bicarbonate-based fluid for continuous HD in ICU patients with ARF.
  • To analyze clinical effects, biochemical changes, and economic costs associated with this HD method.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized the CCF-ARF Support Registry (1995-2001), a prospective observational cohort database.
  • Identified 405 patients treated with bicarbonate continuous HD, capturing demographic, dialysis therapy, laboratory, and outcome data.
  • Reviewed dialysis procedures, dialysate disposal, monitoring, and specific costs.

Main Results:

  • Continuous HD was performed for an average of 1292 days.
  • Patient demographics and ICU mortality (60.5%) were comparable to existing literature.
  • Effective control of solutes (BUN, creatinine), electrolytes, and acid-base balance was achieved.
  • Dialysate monitoring showed no microbial contamination or endotoxin elevation.
  • Variable-composition dialysate delivery was successful without adverse events.
  • Dialysate costs decreased from $0.91/l in 1995 to $0.67/l in 2005.

Conclusions:

  • ICU patients with ARF can be safely and effectively supported using continuous HD with this adaptable bicarbonate-based dialysate source.
  • The method is economically viable, with demonstrated cost reductions over time.