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Hallucinations from a cognitive perspective.

Frank Larøi1, Todd S Woodward

  • 1Cognitive Psychopathology Unit, University of Liège, Belgium, and Department of Research, Riverview Hospital, Coquitlam, British Columbia, Canada. flaroi@ulg.ac.be

Harvard Review of Psychiatry
|May 19, 2007
PubMed
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This review highlights the gap between the diverse experiences of hallucinations and limited experimental studies on source monitoring. Future research should explore factors like intentionality and affect to better understand hallucination origins.

Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Neuroscience
  • Psychology of Perception

Background:

  • Phenomenological diversity of hallucinations is well-documented.
  • Experimental investigations into cognitive underpinnings lag behind phenomenological complexity.
  • Existing source-monitoring studies often use restricted experimental conditions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To contrast limited experimental conditions in source-monitoring studies with the diverse phenomenology of hallucinations.
  • To review source-monitoring literature within the theoretical framework of origin vs. source distinction.
  • To identify under-investigated phenomenological aspects like intentionality, affect, and motivation.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing source-monitoring literature on hallucinations.
  • Analysis of theoretical distinctions between phenomenological origin and source.

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  • Identification of methodological limitations in current experimental designs.

    • Main Results:

    • Source-monitoring research has not adequately captured the phenomenological diversity of hallucinations.
    • The distinction between origin and source is crucial but underexplored experimentally.
    • Factors such as intentionality, affect, and motivation are largely absent from experimental designs.

    Conclusions:

    • Current source-monitoring paradigms are insufficient for understanding the complexity of hallucinations.
    • Future research needs to incorporate a broader range of phenomenological aspects.
    • Recommendations are provided for more comprehensive future source-monitoring investigations into hallucinations.