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Related Concept Videos

Bone Disorders01:29

Bone Disorders

Aging and its effect on bone remodeling is the most common cause of bone disorders. In young and healthy people, bone deposition and resorption happen at an equal rate to maintain optimal bone health.
Bone deposition is also affected by the levels of sex hormones like estrogen and testosterone that promote osteoblast activity and bone matrix synthesis. When the level of these hormones decreases due to aging, it causes a reduction in bone deposition. As a result, bone resorption by osteoclasts...
Drug Dosing: Geriatric Patients01:15

Drug Dosing: Geriatric Patients

Elderly individuals encompass a diverse population with varying degrees of age-related physiological changes. Defining the elderly presents challenges, as the geriatric population is often arbitrarily categorized as individuals older than 65. However, many individuals in this group lead active and healthy lives, with an increasing number surpassing 85 years and falling into the older elderly category. Physiological changes associated with aging impact performance capacity and homeostatic...
Pharmacodynamics in Geriatric Patients: Effects of Age01:27

Pharmacodynamics in Geriatric Patients: Effects of Age

Age-related pharmacokinetic changes are extensively documented, but understanding age-related pharmacodynamic alterations is relatively limited. This knowledge gap can be partly attributed to the complexity of developing appropriate measures of drug responses compared to bioanalytical methods for determining drug concentrations.Most information regarding age-related differences in human pharmacodynamics originates from cross-sectional studies. However, these studies assume that observed mean...
Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Distribution01:00

Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Distribution

Drug distribution in the human body is influenced by several factors, including plasma protein concentration, body composition, blood flow, tissue-protein concentration, and tissue fluid pH. Among these, changes in plasma protein concentration and body composition due to aging significantly affect how drugs are distributed within the body. Specifically, aging is associated with a decrease in albumin levels by about 10% and an increase in α1-acid glycoprotein levels. These alterations are not...
Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Metabolism01:18

Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Metabolism

Geriatric patients show significant variation in how their bodies process medications, which can change how effective and safe treatments are. The liver is the primary organ where drug metabolism occurs, involving two main types of chemical reactions: phase I and II. Phase I metabolism is driven by the cytochrome P450 enzyme system, which includes key types such as CYP3A, CYP2D6, and CYP2C9. Research indicates that while aging doesn't notably alter the levels or activity of these enzymes, it...
Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Excretion01:18

Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Excretion

In geriatric patients, renal physiology undergoes significant changes, including diminished renal blood flow and a lower glomerular filtration rate (GFR), leading to alterations in medication clearance. Drugs such as aminoglycoside antibiotics, lithium, and digoxin, which rely on glomerular filtration for removal from the body, particularly impact pharmacokinetics. These drugs tend to have slower clearance rates in older adults, necessitating careful dosage considerations.Evaluation of renal...

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Related Experiment Videos

[Osteoporosis in elderly patients].

Tomoyoshi Uetake1, Nobuyuki Enomoto

  • 1First Department of Internal Medicine, Yamanashi University.

Nihon Rinsho. Japanese Journal of Clinical Medicine
|May 22, 2007
PubMed
Summary

Reflux esophagitis (RE) is increasing in Japan, particularly among the elderly. Osteoporosis, degenerative diseases, and certain medications contribute to RE symptoms in older adults.

Area of Science:

  • Gastroenterology
  • Geriatrics
  • Public Health

Context:

  • Increasing prevalence of reflux esophagitis (RE) reported in Japan.
  • Aging-associated changes are significant factors in elderly RE development.
  • Osteoporosis and orthopedic degenerative diseases are linked to RE symptoms in older Japanese individuals.

Purpose:

  • To investigate the contributing factors of reflux esophagitis (RE) in the elderly population in Japan.
  • To highlight the role of age-related conditions and medications in RE.
  • To advocate for comprehensive treatment strategies for elderly RE patients.

Summary:

  • Osteoporosis, potentially leading to kyphosis due to menopause, is a key factor in elderly RE.
  • Certain medications, including bisphosphonates (BPs) and NSAIDs, are associated with RE development in the elderly.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Elderly patients with RE often present with co-existing conditions and may be on oral medications like BPs and NSAIDs.

    • Impact:

    • Identifies specific age-related factors contributing to RE in Japan.
    • Emphasizes the need for considering osteoporosis, degenerative diseases, and medication history in elderly RE.
    • Promotes an integrated treatment approach for elderly RE, beyond conventional proton pump inhibitor (PPI) maintenance therapy.