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Related Concept Videos

Nursing Assessment of the Genitourinary System II: Inspection and Palpation01:26

Nursing Assessment of the Genitourinary System II: Inspection and Palpation

The nursing assessment of the genitourinary (GU) system involves a systematic inspection and palpation to identify abnormalities in the kidneys, bladder, and surrounding structures.InspectionMouth: Inspect for signs of kidney dysfunction, such as stomatitis (inflammation of the mouth) and ammonia breath, which may occur in advanced kidney disease due to the buildup of urea, breaking down into ammonia.Skin: Check for pallor, which could indicate anemia caused by kidney disease. Look for...
Nursing Assessment of the Genitourinary System I: Health History01:21

Nursing Assessment of the Genitourinary System I: Health History

The genitourinary system is critical to maintaining fluid balance, waste elimination, and reproductive function. Nurses play a vital role in assessing this system, beginning with a thorough health history. This process involves gathering patient information, identifying risk factors, and recognizing symptoms of genitourinary disorders. Early detection is vital for timely interventions and management.1. Gathering Patient InformationA complete health history includes the patient’s personal,...
Urinary Bladder01:23

Urinary Bladder

The urinary bladder is a hollow, muscular sac that temporarily stores urine before it is expelled from the body. It can hold approximately 600 mL of urine prior to micturition. The bladder is retroperitoneal and located behind the pubic symphysis in the pelvic floor.
In males, the bladder is situated in front of the rectum, while in females, it is positioned anterior to the vagina and uterus. The bladder floor contains an inverted triangular area called the trigone, defined by the two ureteric...
Urodynamic Studies: Uroflowmetry01:19

Urodynamic Studies: Uroflowmetry

Uroflowmetry is a non-invasive urodynamic test designed to measure various aspects of urination, including volume, flow rate, and the time to void. This test is crucial for diagnosing and assessing conditions such as bladder outlet obstruction, bladder dysfunction, incomplete bladder emptying, incontinence, and urinary tract blockages caused by benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and urethral strictures.Pre-Test Instructions:Before a uroflowmetry test, patients are typically advised to drink...
The Micturition Reflex01:26

The Micturition Reflex

Urination, or micturition involves the coordination of the bladder's detrusor muscle and two sphincters to ensure controlled bladder emptying.
The process begins with bladder filling, where the bladder wall stretches as urine accumulates. This stretching activates the urine storage reflex, mediated by the sacral spinal segments and the pontine storage center. Efferent sympathetic impulses stimulate the detrusor muscle to relax and the internal urethral sphincter to contract, facilitating urine...
Urinary Tract Infection IV: Nursing Management01:17

Urinary Tract Infection IV: Nursing Management

In managing urinary tract infections (UTIs) in nursing, a comprehensive assessment is essential. Begin by gathering subjective data, such as the patient’s complaints of dysuria (painful urination), urinary frequency, urgency, suprapubic pain, and any lower abdominal discomfort. This information can be complemented by questions regarding previous UTIs, sexual activity, and personal hygiene practices, which can provide insight into risk factors. Objective assessment should focus on signs like...

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Updated: Jul 14, 2026

Detrusor Underactivity Model in Rats by Conus Medullaris Transection
03:26

Detrusor Underactivity Model in Rats by Conus Medullaris Transection

Published on: August 28, 2020

Acute urinary retention among astronauts.

Philip C Stepaniak1, Suneil R Ramchandani, Jeffrey A Jones

  • 1NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX, USA. philip.stepaniak-1@nasa.gov

Aviation, Space, and Environmental Medicine
|May 22, 2007
PubMed
Summary

Astronauts may experience acute urinary retention (AUR) in space due to microgravity. This condition, while not typically life-threatening, can pose risks during space missions and requires careful management.

Area of Science:

  • Space Medicine
  • Urology
  • Astronaut Health

Background:

  • Acute urinary retention (AUR) is a condition where the bladder cannot be emptied.
  • While not usually life-threatening on Earth, AUR can present unique challenges in the space environment.

Observation:

  • A middle-aged astronaut experienced recurrent AUR during two separate spaceflights.
  • The first mission involved prolonged catheterization and a secondary episode of AUR before landing.
  • The second mission saw AUR occur for the initial 24 hours in microgravity.

Findings:

  • Space travel, particularly microgravity, may predispose astronauts to AUR.
  • Potential contributing factors include obstructive, pharmacologic, psychogenic, and neurogenic causes.
  • The astronaut's cystometrogram upon return to Earth was unremarkable.

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Optimizing Mouse Urodynamic Techniques for Improved Accuracy
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Optimizing Mouse Urodynamic Techniques for Improved Accuracy

Published on: June 7, 2024

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Last Updated: Jul 14, 2026

Detrusor Underactivity Model in Rats by Conus Medullaris Transection
03:26

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Published on: August 28, 2020

Optimizing Mouse Urodynamic Techniques for Improved Accuracy
06:46

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Published on: June 7, 2024

Implications:

  • Understanding AUR in space is crucial for astronaut health and mission success.
  • Pre-flight precautions and in-flight management strategies for AUR are necessary.
  • Further research into the physiological effects of microgravity on urinary function is warranted.