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DNA Microarrays

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Microarrays are high-throughput and relatively inexpensive assays that can be automated to analyze large quantities of data at a time. They are used in genome-wide studies to compare gene or protein expression under two varied conditions, such as healthy and diseased states. Microarrays consist of glass or silica slides on which probe molecules are covalently attached through surface functionalization. Most commonly, the slides are prepared through the chemisorption of silanes to silica...

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Methods to Increase the Sensitivity of High Resolution Melting Single Nucleotide Polymorphism Genotyping in Malaria

Methods to Increase the Sensitivity of High Resolution Melting Single Nucleotide Polymorphism Genotyping in Malaria

Published on: November 10, 2015

The human genomic melting map.

Fang Liu¹, Eivind Tøstesen, Jostein K Sundet

¹Department of Tumor Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Rikshospitalet-Radiumhospitalet Medical Center, Oslo, Norway.

Plos Computational Biology

|May 22, 2007

Summary

The human genome has a DNA melting map revealing how DNA unwinds for cellular functions. This map

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Area of Science:

Genomics
Molecular Biology
Biophysics

Background:

DNA exists as a dynamic double helix, requiring local unwinding (melting) for essential cellular processes like replication, repair, recombination, and transcription.
DNA melting is a cooperative process where multiple base pairs act together, forming melting bubbles and functional domains of single-strandedness.

Purpose of the Study:

To apply a DNA melting map calculation to the entire human genome.
To analyze the basic features, cooperativity, and correlations of the human DNA melting map with physical and biological genome characteristics.

Main Methods:

Genome-wide melting map calculation.
Analysis of cooperativity and base pair resolution.
Correlation studies with GC content and other genomic features.

Main Results:

The human DNA melting map strongly covaries with GC content globally.
Cooperativity weakens the GC content correlation at resolutions below 500 base pairs.
This resolution is critical for most structural and biological processes.

Conclusions:

The human DNA melting map provides insights into DNA's dynamic behavior and its relationship with genomic features.
The informational content of the melting map is significant at resolutions relevant to biological processes.
The study highlights the importance of DNA's conformational dynamics in genome function.