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Related Concept Videos

Mechanism of heat transfer01:19

Mechanism of heat transfer

Understanding heat transfer mechanisms is essential for understanding how our bodies maintain balance in different environmental conditions. When the environment is thermoneutral, the body is in a state of balance, neither using nor releasing energy to maintain its core temperature. However, when the environment is not thermoneutral, the body employs four heat transfer mechanisms to maintain homeostasis: conduction, convection, evaporation, and radiation. These mechanisms facilitate heat...
Mechanisms of Heat Transfer01:14

Mechanisms of Heat Transfer

Heat transfer between the human body and its environment occurs through four main mechanisms: conduction, convection, radiation, and evaporation.
Conduction, accounting for approximately 3% of body heat loss at rest, is the process of exchanging heat between molecules of two materials in direct contact. This can result in both heat loss and gain. For instance, when the body is submerged in water, which conducts heat 20 times more effectively than air, it can either lose or gain significant heat.
Mechanisms of Heat Transfer II01:20

Mechanisms of Heat Transfer II

In convection, thermal energy is carried by the large-scale flow of matter. Ocean currents and large-scale atmospheric circulation, which result from the buoyancy of warm air and water, transfer hot air from the tropics toward the poles and cold air from the poles toward the tropics. The Earth’s rotation interacts with those flows, causing the observed eastward flow of air in the temperate zones. Convection dominates heat transfer by air, and the amount of available space for the airflow...
Mechanisms of Heat Transfer I01:14

Mechanisms of Heat Transfer I

Just as interesting as the effects of heat transfer on a system are the methods by which the heat transfer occur. Whenever there is a temperature difference, heat transfer occurs. It may occur rapidly, such as through a cooking pan, or slowly, such as through the walls of a picnic ice box. So many processes involve heat transfer that it is hard to imagine a situation where no heat transfer occurs. Yet, every heat transfer takes place by only three methods: conduction, convection, and radiation.
Quantifying Heat02:46

Quantifying Heat

Thermal Energy Microscopically, thermal energy is the kinetic energy associated with the random motion of atoms and molecules. Temperature is a quantitative measure of “hot” or “cold”, which depends on the amount of thermal energy. When the atoms and molecules in an object are moving or vibrating quickly, they have a higher average kinetic energy (KE) (or higher thermal energy), and the object is perceived as “hot”, or it is described as being at a higher temperature. When the atoms and...
Heat Flow and Specific Heat01:12

Heat Flow and Specific Heat

Heat is a type of energy transfer that is caused by a temperature difference, and it can change the temperature of an object. Since heat is a form of energy, its SI unit is the joule (J). Another common unit of energy often used for heat is the calorie (cal), which is defined as the energy needed to change the temperature of 1 g of water by 1 °C, specifically between 14.5 °C and 15.5 °C, since the energy needed shows a slight temperature dependence. Another commonly used unit is the kilocalorie...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 14, 2026

A Computational Modeling Approach to Investigate the Influence of Hyperthermia on the Tumor Microenvironment
10:23

A Computational Modeling Approach to Investigate the Influence of Hyperthermia on the Tumor Microenvironment

Published on: December 1, 2023

caCORE version 3: Implementation of a model driven, service-oriented architecture for semantic interoperability.

George A Komatsoulis1, Denise B Warzel, Francis W Hartel

  • 1National Cancer Institute Center for Bioinformatics (NCICB), 2115 E. Jefferson St., Suite 5000, Rockville, MD 20852, USA. komatsog@mail.nih.gov

Journal of Biomedical Informatics
|May 22, 2007
PubMed
Summary

The National Cancer Institute developed cancer Common Ontologic Representation Environment (caCORE) to enable interoperability in biomedical research. This infrastructure facilitates data access and understanding for cancer research systems.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 14, 2026

A Computational Modeling Approach to Investigate the Influence of Hyperthermia on the Tumor Microenvironment
10:23

A Computational Modeling Approach to Investigate the Influence of Hyperthermia on the Tumor Microenvironment

Published on: December 1, 2023

Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Informatics
  • Health Informatics
  • Computer Science

Background:

  • Federated information systems require interoperability for resource access and utilization.
  • Biomedical research necessitates coordination of diverse and disparate data types.
  • The National Cancer Institute Center for Bioinformatics (NCICB) identified a need for enhanced interoperability in cancer research.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce the cancer Common Ontologic Representation Environment (caCORE) as an interoperability infrastructure.
  • To explain how caCORE addresses both syntactic and semantic interoperability in biomedical systems.
  • To describe the components of the caCORE infrastructure and its application in cancer research.

Main Methods:

  • Development of caCORE based on Model Driven Architecture.
  • Integration of three core components: Enterprise Vocabulary Services, cancer Data Standards Repository, and a Domain Model Driven Architecture-based API.
  • Leveraging the caCORE infrastructure to build a Semantic Service-Oriented Architecture (SSOA) for cancer research.

Main Results:

  • caCORE provides a mechanism for creating interoperable biomedical information systems.
  • Systems built with caCORE achieve syntactic interoperability (data access) and semantic interoperability (data understanding).
  • The NCICB is utilizing caCORE to establish an SSOA for the cancer Biomedical Informatics Grid (caBIG).

Conclusions:

  • caCORE is a foundational infrastructure for achieving interoperability in cancer research.
  • The integrated components of caCORE support standardized data access and comprehension.
  • The caCORE paradigm enables the development of advanced semantic architectures for collaborative cancer research.