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Related Concept Videos

Nonsense-mediated mRNA Decay02:27

Nonsense-mediated mRNA Decay

The Upf proteins that carry out nonsense-mediated decay (NMD) are found in all eukaryotic organisms, including humans. Each protein has an individual role, but they need to work in collaboration. Upf1 is an ATP-dependent RNA helicase that unwinds the RNA helix. Because Upf1 can unwind any RNA, Upf2 and Upf3 are required to help Upf1 discriminate between nonsense and normal mRNAs.
Usually, Upf3 binds to an Exon Junction Complex (EJC) at mRNA splice sites. If a ribosome fully translates the mRNA,...
Regulated Protein Degradation02:58

Regulated Protein Degradation

It is vital to regulate the activity of enzymatic as well as non-enzymatic proteins inside the cell. This can be achieved either through creating a balance between their rate of synthesis and degradation or regulating the intrinsic activity of the protein. Both these regulation mechanisms play an essential role in the normal functioning of cells.
Protein degradation plays two important roles in the cells. It helps to protect cells from misfolded or damaged proteins before they lead to a...
mRNA Stability and Gene Expression02:51

mRNA Stability and Gene Expression

The structure and stability of mRNA molecules regulates gene expression, as mRNAs are a key step in the pathway from gene to protein. In eukaryotes, the half-life of mRNA varies from a few minutes up to several days. mRNA stability is essential in growth and development. The absence of the proteins regulating its stability, such as tristetraprolin in mice, can cause systemic issues, including bone marrow overgrowth, inflammation, and autoimmunity.
Cis-acting Elements involved in mRNA stability
Nonsense-mediated mRNA Decay02:27

Nonsense-mediated mRNA Decay

The Upf proteins that carry out nonsense-mediated decay (NMD) are found in all eukaryotic organisms, including humans. Each protein has an individual role, but they need to work in collaboration. Upf1 is an ATP-dependent RNA helicase that unwinds the RNA helix. Because Upf1 can unwind any RNA, Upf2 and Upf3 are required to help Upf1 discriminate between nonsense and normal mRNAs.
Usually, Upf3 binds to an Exon Junction Complex (EJC) at mRNA splice sites. If a ribosome fully translates the mRNA,...
Regulated Protein Degradation02:58

Regulated Protein Degradation

It is vital to regulate the activity of enzymatic as well as non-enzymatic proteins inside the cell. This can be achieved either through creating a balance between their rate of synthesis and degradation or regulating the intrinsic activity of the protein. Both these regulation mechanisms play an essential role in the normal functioning of cells.
Protein degradation plays two important roles in the cells. It helps to protect cells from misfolded or damaged proteins before they lead to a...
Downsampling01:20

Downsampling

When considering a sampled sequence with zero values between sampling instants, one can replace it by taking every N-th value of the sequence. At these integer multiples of N, the original and sampled sequences coincide. This process, known as decimation, involves extracting every N-th sample from a sequence, thereby creating a more efficient sequence.
The Fourier transform of the decimated sequence reveals a combination of scaled and shifted versions of the original spectrum. This...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 10, 2026

Presynaptically Silent Synapses Studied with Light Microscopy
11:02

Presynaptically Silent Synapses Studied with Light Microscopy

Published on: January 4, 2010

DegrAAAded into silence.

Elizabeth H Bayne1, Sharon A White, Robin C Allshire

  • 1Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell Biology, University of Edinburgh, Kings Buildings, Michael Swann Building, Mayfield Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3JR, UK.

Cell
|May 22, 2007
PubMed
Summary

RNA interference machinery directly targets transgene transcripts in fission yeast, linking silencing to a TRAMP-like complex. This suggests RNAi-independent transcript degradation contributes to heterochromatin gene silencing.

Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics
  • Epigenetics

Background:

  • In fission yeast, heterochromatin formation mediated by RNA interference (RNAi) silences transgenes at centromeres.
  • The precise mechanisms linking RNAi to heterochromatin and transgene silencing are under investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the direct targets of RNA interference machinery in transgene silencing.
  • To explore the role of protein complexes in RNAi-dependent heterochromatin formation and gene silencing.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of RNA interference pathways in fission yeast.
  • Investigation of transgene transcript targeting by RNAi machinery.
  • Characterization of protein complexes involved in transcript degradation.

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Targeted Training of Ultrasonic Vocalizations in Aged and Parkinsonian Rats
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Targeted Training of Ultrasonic Vocalizations in Aged and Parkinsonian Rats

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Systematic Hearing Performance Evaluation Process for Adolescents with Cochlear Implantation at Early Ages

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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 10, 2026

Presynaptically Silent Synapses Studied with Light Microscopy
11:02

Presynaptically Silent Synapses Studied with Light Microscopy

Published on: January 4, 2010

Targeted Training of Ultrasonic Vocalizations in Aged and Parkinsonian Rats
11:00

Targeted Training of Ultrasonic Vocalizations in Aged and Parkinsonian Rats

Published on: August 8, 2011

Systematic Hearing Performance Evaluation Process for Adolescents with Cochlear Implantation at Early Ages
06:04

Systematic Hearing Performance Evaluation Process for Adolescents with Cochlear Implantation at Early Ages

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Main Results:

  • The RNAi machinery directly targets transgene transcripts for degradation.
  • A protein complex similar to the TRAMP complex in budding yeast is linked to transgene silencing.
  • This complex promotes transcript degradation through the exosome.

Conclusions:

  • RNA interference machinery directly engages with transgene transcripts.
  • Transgene silencing involves a TRAMP-like complex and exosome-mediated degradation.
  • RNAi-independent transcript degradation pathways may contribute to heterochromatin-mediated gene silencing.